Inland Water Flashcards
Anyone within ____ feet of water’s edge must wear a personal flotation device.
10
The hot zone with water or ice is considered ____?
IDLH
The warm zone with water or ice is considered within____?
10 ft
The cold zone with warter or ice is considered greater than____?
10 ft
River left is considered what?
Left side looking down stream
River right is considered what?
Right side looking down stream
If the aggretate tempature is less than____F the potential for hypothernia is dramatically increased.
140
A water rescue recommended dispatch is?
2 Boats, 1 rescue, 1 truck or tower, 2 engines, 1 BC, 1 Safety Officer, 2 EMS transports
A water ice recommended dispatch is?
2 Boats, 1 rescue, 1 truck or tower, 2 engines, 1 BC, 1 Safety Officer, 2 EMS transports, 1 dive team
A recommened water rescue task force is___?
2 Boats, 1 special service, 1 BC, 1 EMS transport
Upstream Division is considered a what level position?
Awarness level
Downstream Division is recominded to be what level?
Technician level
RIT is requirred for any units operating in what zone?
Hot Zone
Active search and rescue operations should be done for victims that have been submerged for up to how many minutes?
60
What is not a inland water rescue and emergency search pattern?
through
A whistle command of 1 blast means?
Stop, look at person
A whistle command of 2 blast means?
Look up stream
A whistle command of 3 blast means?
Look downstream
A whistle command of multiple blast means?
Trouble
The inland water search technique that is well suited for shallow water searches is?
Spiral
What is river Left?
Left side or river bank looking downstream
Object or structure that allows water to pass through but not the rescuer
Strainer
Direction from which water is coming
Upstream
This is the temperature at which the ambient temperature plus the water temperature
Aggregate Temperature
Due to the potential for hypothermia, when the aggregate temperature is less than ____ rescuers should consider additional PPE
140
Onscene report for an inland water emergency should include.
Confirm incident location, Confirm dispatch info, establish command, staging location, actions taken to control access
What does a single whistle blow mean
Look in direction of whistle
A vehicle will be carried away in fast moving water when _____ is greater than vehicle weight.
Buoyancy Force
How many personnel will it take to affect a rescue from swift water during the daylight?
16
When searching for a submerged victim what would PLS mean?
Point Last Seen
Active search and rescue operations should be done for victims that have been submerged for up to _____.
60 Min
All personnel in the NOVA regional Fire Departments shall be trained to what level of training?
Awareness Level
What is the second tier of water rescue level training
Operations Level
Our PFDs are rated to what minimum floatation Level?
15-22lbs
Awareness level for water rescues will have what color helmet
Red
If someone blows a whistle with 2 blasts what would that mean?
Look Upstream
If a rescuer taps themselves on the head what does this mean?
They are OK
Phase One of the command checklist includes?
Primary Assessment, Secondary Assessment, Rescue Recovery
A lowering of the bodies core Temperature occuring when the body loses heat faster than it can produce.
Hypothermia
Any untrained personnel shall be in which zone?
Cold
What the warm zone at a swift water call?
10 ft
What does 1 blast from a whistle mean?
Stop, look at person
What do crews need when working within 10ft of the water’s edge?
PFD
How many engines on a water rescue response?
2
What type of water response gets a dive team?
Ice rescue
What are the types of water emergencies can occur?
Swift water, flood water,flat water and ice
What should flood water always be considered?
Contaminated
What does 2 blast mean from a whistle in a water rescue?
Look upstream
What is it called when water passes along the sides of the shore creating circular swirls from friction?
Helical flow
What is Laminar flow?
Water moves in layers
How do you figure aggregate temperature?
Add ambient temperature plus water temperature
What temperature is aggregate temperature have a potential for hypothermia?
Less 140F
What suits should rescuers wear to protect from hypothermia?
Dry or ice suits
Which direction is river right or river left based off?
Downstream
What is the minimum staffing of a boat in a water rescue?
3
What is 1 of the EMS units dispatched on water rescues designated for?
Welfare of team members only
Who is responsible for the overall safety off all personnel during inland water rescue?
Safety officer
What can be developed as soon as an accurate and precise location of victim is determined?
Incident Action Plan
What is needed anytime a rescuer or victim is located in the water?
Upstream spotter and downstream safety
How many flood fatalities are vehicle related?
Nearly half
Swift water is defined as?
Anybody body of water with a consistent direction of flow.
Flood Water is defined as?
Variation of a water flow and hazards where water is not normally present
Flat or Static water is defined as?
A body of water that may or may not be fed by alternate ground sources.
What is a big concern due to the stressful nature of the event?
Hyperthermia
Due to the potential for hypothermia, when the aggregate temperature is less than 140 degrees (Ambient temperature + water temperature > 140 degrees F)
Rescuers should consider additional PPE to include Dry Suits
Water may contain various chemical and biological waste products, therefore all appropriate PPE such as?
Dry Suits will be used to protect personnel from contaminants
Gross decontamination should be performed after each entry completion of what report should be completed?
Exposure reports are recommended for all entries into floodwaters.
What is Phase 1 of the phase response plan?
This phase is the normal operational, preparation level for any identified water rescue resource
What is phase 2 of the phase response plan?
In this phase flooding is imminent, response resources should be immediately made available with dedicated personnel.
What is phase 3 of the phase response plan?
This phase all supported water rescue resources should be fully staffed and prepared to respond.
How often should Demobilization plans be a evaluated?
Demobilization plans should be evaluated at the end of each 12 hour period or the end of each shift.
The first arriving units should consider the following as priority actions which need to be completed as soon as practical.
- Communicate and on-scene report 2. complete and effective size-up, trying to visualize as much of the incident as possible 3. perform a risk benefit analysis to ensure subsequent actions and decisions are based on good judgment 4. communicate a situation report 5. establish command and establish operational zones 6. request additional resources as needed to complete the incident objectives 7. provide direction for income and resources to maximize efficiency for the incident 8. maintain personnel accountability.
ICS positions to consider an inland water emergencies are?
- Safety officer 2. technical specialist 3. Marine branch 4. EMS branch 5. upstream division 6. downstream division 7. River right & river left division 8. RIT group.
The initial report on arrival to a swift water rescue incident should include the following at a minimum?
- Confirmation of incident location 2. confirmation of incident dispatch information 3. staging location for incoming resources 4. establish and/or transfer command 5. actions taken or needed to control access to the scene
The situation report should include the following information?
- Confirmation and condition number of victims in, on under the water 2. information gathered from bystandards and victim status 3. is the water/ice moving? how fast and in what direction? 4. possible access for resources 5. establish operational zones 6. consider dive team due to reflects/response time
What are the operational zones for inland water incidents?
- Hot zone is in or over the water/ice 2. the warm zone is within 10 feet of the water/ice conditions were in the distance can be increased 3. the cold zone is greater than 10 feet from the water/ice
The following information shall be collected through observation or witness interviews?
- Last location and time any possible victims were seen 2. number of victims 3. name, age, race, and six victims or approximate size 4. clothing and type of shoes worn 5. ability to swim 6. state of health and medication 7. PFD or other flotation device
Anyone operating in the warm or hot zone is required to have the appropriate?
Anyone operating in the warm or the hot zone is required to have the appropriate training and PFD.
Any single long whistle blast requires all persons within the sound to?
Any single long whistle blast requires all persons within the sound to stop operations and look in the direction of the whistle
Priority positioning should always be given to what equipment during water incidences?
Priority positioning should always be given to boats, boat supports, trucks, and towers
any body of water with a consistent direction of flow
Swift Water
predominantly not predictable with a variation of flow and hazards where water is not normally present.
Flood Water
a body of water that does not travel in a specific direction and may or may not be fed by alternate ground sources.
Flat/Static Water
May occur in any of the above listed bodies of water when surface temperature falls below the freezing point.
Ice
Objects moving in water
Dynamic Hazards
Stationary objects
Static Hazards
Hyperthermia and Hypothermia
Environmental Hazards
Water may contain various chemical and biological waste products.
Hazardous Materials/Biological Hazards
2 Boats, 1 Rescue, 1 Truck, 2 Engines, 1 BC, 1 Safety, 1 EMS Transport
Water Rescue
2 Boats, 1 Rescue, 1 Truck, 1 Engines, 1 BC, 1 Safety, 1 EMS Transport, 1 Dive Team
Ice Rescue
2 Boats, Special Service, 1 BC, 1 Medic
Water Rescue Task Force
appropriate water rescue personnel are identified as water rescue team members but may be used to staff other response resources (first pull).
Phase 1
conditions exist that could precipitate a water rescue event (ie…a flood warning has been issued for the jurisdiction). In this phase, where flooding is imminent, response resources should be immediately made available with dedicated personnel.
Phase 2
an area or jurisdiction is expecting or experiencing flood warnings, hurricanes, tropical storms, tornados, or any other weather event that has increased potential for significant precipitation accompanied by major flooding. During this phase all supported water rescue resources should be fully staffed and prepared to respond.
Phase 3
encompasses operations on the waterways associated with a particular incident. Responsibilities include briefing and assigning marine resources, determining the need for and requesting additional resources, providing information on the status of operations, and completing needed documentation.
Marine Branch
consists of personnel responsible to watching for and advising of any obstacles and hazards floating downstream or other pertinent information that could impede the operation and may hinder the rescue.
Upstream Group or Division
consists of personnel responsible to ensure the preparedness for the rescue of victims and/or rescuers that may be swept downstream. All personnel in this division should have a throw rope bag in hand and be wearing appropriate protective equipment. There should be downstream personnel on both sides of the river.
Downstream Group or Divison
These divisions consist of personnel who are responsible for rigging the rope rescue system and operating as a land- based rescue source for victims and rescuers swept downstream. Personnel assigned should be wearing appropriate protective equipment and have throw rope bags.
River Right or River Left Group or Division
requires all persons within the sound to stop operations and look in the direction of the whistle.
Single Long Whistle Blast
The Northern Virginia region recognizes the levels of certification as outlined by nfpa __ and ___.
1670, 1006
A water feature that is evident downstream of low head dam type hydraulic.
Boil line
This is formed when two separate flows meet.
Confluence wave
A reversal of water flow from downstream to upstream.
Eddy
Water pouring over and underwater feature creating a void that will be backfilled by water traveling the opposite direction.
Hydraulic
Water moves in layers, one upon the other from the bottom, each subsequent layer moves faster than the last.
Laminar flow
This feature is evident by the perpendicular line formed if looked at the hole from up stream. These are killing machines and should be avoided.
Low head damn
Area within 10 feet of water/ice, area is dangerous and PFD’s are required.
Warm zone
The right side of river bank looking downstream.
river right
Victim Recognition: Can follow simple commands, can usually help themselves with proper direction.
Panic
Victim recognition: Blank stare with associated inability to follow commands or assist rescuers.
Counter Panic
Infectious hepatitis or aseptic meningitis from viruses in ___.
Sewage contaminated water
Leptospirosis following exposure to flood water contaminated by __.
Animal urine
Active search and rescue operations should be done for victims that have been submerged for up to ___ min.
60
Helmet color: Awareness/victim
red
Helmet color: Operations Level
yellow with red stripe
Helmet color: Technician Level
yellow w/ technician marking
Light stick color: victim
blue
Light stick color: rescuer
yellow
Light stick color: boat marking stern
white
As water passes the shore it creates circular swirls, and draws water from the shoreline inward, this is known as what?
Helical Flow
Water pouring over an underwater feature creating a void that will be backfilled by water traveling upstream is known as what?
hydraulic
The operational warm zone requires the use of PFD’s and is within how many feet from the waters edge?
10 feet
When calling out directions (river right/river left), what direction should the person be looking?
downstream
An object or structure that allows water to pass through but not the rescuer is known as what?
strainer
When conducting water rescue operations, which poses the greatest risk to personnel?
all of the above
Based on the forecast, water table, and water levels, readiness is is broken into how many phases?
3
What is the primary responsibility of the upstream division?
obstacle/hazard reporting
What is the primary responsibility of the downstream division?
rescue
Due to inherent hazards, the incident commander must do what before commencing in-water operations?
risk/benefit analysis
Once the location and number of victims is determined, the incident commander shall develop what?
incident action plan
A single long whistle blast means what?
stop and look
During ice rescue, warm zone personnel _____?
may wear turnout gear
In water rescue operations, PLS is known as?
point last seen
Active search and rescue operations should be done for up to what length of time?
60 minutes
When in recovery mode, personnel should be _______?
boat based
What type of search pattern utilizes rope to gauge the search distance?
spiral search pattern
Who utilizes Type V PFD’s?
Technician/operations level personnel
When conducting water operations, multiple whistle blasts signals what?
trouble
A position in which the swimmer is on their back with feet at the surface pointing downstream is known as what?
safe swimming position
Anybody within how many feet of the water’s edge must wear a personal flotation device (PFD).
10
What are killing machines and should be avoided?
Low head dam
The cold zone is greater than how many feet from the water/ice?
10
How many specific categories will victims/patients be placed into in regards to helping themselves?
4
This type of water is a variation of a water flow and hazards where water is not normally present.
Flood water
Dynamic hazards are objects moving in water and include all of the following except what?
Intake pipes
The aggregate temperature is obtained by adding ambient temperature plus what?
Water temperature
How many phases of readiness that are recognized by northern virginia fire and rescue departments?
3
Who is responsible for the overall safety of all personnel during an inland water rescue incident?
Safety officer
The upstream division consists of personnel trained to what minimum level?
Awareness
When should Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT) be assigned to incidents?
When personnel are operating in the hot zone
During size-up what type of approach should be used to visualize the incident?
six-sided
What type of whistle blast requires all persons within the sound to stop operations and look in the direction of the whistle?
Single long blast
Any time a rescuer or victim is located in the water there shall be an upstream spotter and a downstream what?
Safety
Who has the final authority on whether or not to attempt the operation when using a helicoptor?
Helicoptor crew
Active search and rescue operations should be done for victims that have been submerged for up to how many minutes?
60
Sub-surface searches should be less than one minute and a maximum work period of how long?
10 minutes
Sub-surface searches should be limited to water depths up to what?
10 feet
All personnel in the NOVA Regional Fire Departments shall have water and ice rescue training to what level?
Awareness level
Awareness/victim level use what type of PFD?
Type 3
How is the aggregate temperature calculated?
Adding the ambient temperature and the water temperature.
Below what aggregate temperature is the risk of hypothermia dramatically increased?
140’F
How many EMS transport units are dispatched on a water rescue task force?
One
During an ice rescue operation, what can be used to mark the last known location of the victim should they submerge?
Markers such as cones.
What does a single long whistle signal?
To stop all operations and look in the direction of the whistle.
As a general rule, how many people could be required to affect a single person rescue from moving water during the daytime?
16 personnel.
When is it acceptable to have firefighters in structural PPE in the warm zone?
When using it for thermal protection during an ice rescue.
Individuals operating in the hot zone on the aerial ladder should be trained to what level?
Technician level.
Up to how long should active search and rescue operations be done for victims that have submerged?
60 minutes but can be extended for colder water temps.
Who should you consider consulting with prior to termination of a search?
Online Medical control.
When does the recovery mode occur?
Active rescue and search operating in water transitions into boat based only operations.
What color helmet identifies a “boat operator?”
Yellow with Technician marking.
What does three blasts of the whistle signal?
Look downstream.
Which of the following victim categories is defined as “Can follow simple commands, can usually help themselves with
Panic
Which of the following indicates an object under the water?
Upstream V
Within what distance from the water is considered the warm zone?
10 feet
How many aerials (ladder trucks) are dispatched on a water rescue task force.
None
What is the recommended staffing for a water rescue boat?
At least two
Which of the following search patterns is described as “Rescuers line up at designated
Sweep search pattern.
What color helmet should be given to the victim in accordance with the NOVA regional helmet scheme chart?
Red.
A feature that is evident of a low head dam type hydraulic
boil line
What flow describes water passing along the sides of the shore creating circular swirls?
helical
These are killing machines and must be avoided
low head damn
object or structure that allows water to pass through but not a rescuer
strainer
Identified by the victim face down in the water able to get head up for a breath
instinctive drowning response
blank stare with associated inability to follow commands
counter panic
Aggregate temp less than ___ has a dramatically increased potential for hypothermia
140
What is a condition following exposure related to animal urine
leptospirosis
What additional resource may be dispatched on an ice rescue vs a water rescue
dive team
Which of the following is not a phase of response for inland water emergencies
deployment
This division is responsible for watching for and advising of any obstacles or hazards floating toward the incident
upstream
Use a ____ approach to visualizing the incident
six sided
If a pet is located on the ice
every effort should be made to attempt rescue
what signal requires all person within sound to stop and look
single long whistle
which scenario allows the use of structural firefighting PPE
Ice rescue personnel in the warm zone
Requiring a RIT complement this action is considered medium/high risk
boat deployment
Active search and rescue should be performed for submerged victims for up to ___ min
60
Rescuers line up at a designated start point on a search/grid map and then proceed along a straight line
sweep search
which local jurisdiction can support hoist operations
US park services
What color helmet should a victim be given?
red
