Inheritance - Reproduction

Question 1

features of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

• only one parent needed
• no gametes involved
• no variation
• no mixing of genetic information
• only involves mitosis

Question 2

what are gametes

Answer 2

a type of cell where chromosomes are not paired

Question 3

examples of gametes

Answer 3

sperm and egg cells

Question 4

how many chromosomes do gametes contain

Answer 4

23 SINGLE chromosomes

Question 5

how are gametes made

Answer 5

using meiosis

Question 6

differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 6

• meiosis does not produce identical cells whilst mitosis does
• meiosis halves the number of chromosomes in the new cells
• meiosis produces 4 gametes from one original cell, and all of these gametes are genetically different from each other
• meiosis splits twice, mitosis once

Question 7

what are the gametes in flowering plants

Answer 7

pollen and egg cells

Question 8

features of sexual reproduction

Answer 8

• involves the fusion of male and female gametes (fertilisation)
• the offspring receives genetic information from both the male and female parents
• ## there is a variation in the offspring (since every gamete is different)

Question 9

examples of organisms that use asexual reproduction

Answer 9

• bacteria
• production of spores by fungi
• ## strawberries using runners

Question 10

where does meiosis take place

Answer 10

in reproductive organs - ovaries, testes

Question 11

Stages of meiosis step by step

Answer 11

1. All of the chromosomes of a cell is copied
2. The cell divides into two
3. Both of the cells divide one more time to form the gametes
4. In the gametes, the chromosomes are now single and not in pairs

Question 12

what happens in sexual reproduction

Answer 12

the gametes join together, and after they join together, the cell now has a normal number of chromosomes

Question 13

what is it called when gametes fuse together

Answer 13

fertilisation

Question 14

what happens after fertilisation

Answer 14

the new cell divides using mitosis, producing a clump of identical cells, which is called an embryo
- as the embryo develops, the cells differentiate and form different cell types - in animals this includes nerve and muscle cells

Question 15

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 15

• there’s a variation in offspring, meaning if conditions were to change, the offspring may be able to adapt to the change and survive
• variation gives a survival advantage by natural selection
• natural selection can be speeded up by humans in selective breeding to
  increase food production.

Question 16

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 16

• no need to find a mate, asexual reproduction is more efficient and less time consuming
• faster than sexual
• many identical offspring can be produced when conditions are favourable

Question 17

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 17

• ## risky, since there is no variation, all of the offspring could die if conditions become unfavourable

Question 18

when does the malaria parasite reproduce sexually

Answer 18

in a mosquito

Question 19

when does the malaria parasite reproduce asexually

Answer 19

in the human host

Question 20

when does fungi reproduce asexually

Answer 20

when producing spores

Question 21

when does fungi reproduce sexually

Answer 21

when producing offspring

Question 22

when do flowering plants reproduce sexually

Answer 22

to produce seeds

Question 23

when do flowering plants reproduce asexually

Answer 23

by sending out runners, strawberries do this
- or daffodils doing bulb division

Question 24

what are the products of meiosis

Answer 24

• four gametes from one original cell
• each of the gametes are genetically different from each other and have half the number of chromosomes
• each has different alleles