B1- cell biology Flashcards
roughly how big are animal cells
between 0.01 mm – 0.05 mm
roughly how big are plants cells
between 0.01 mm – 0.10 mm
how do we calculate magnification
image size/ actual size
function of the nucleus
- contains genetic material, including DNA that controls the activities of the cell
what is the cytoplasm
jelly like substance where most chemical reactions take place
what is the cell membrane
part of the cell that holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
what is the mitochondria
the part of the cell that releases energy for aerobic respiration
what are ribosomes
Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs
what cell parts do plant cells have but not animals
- vacuole
- cell wall
- chloroplasts
what is the vacuole
contains cell sap to keep the cell turgid ( swollen)
what is the cell wall
made of cellulose, supports the cell and strengthens it
what are chloroplasts
part of the cell where photosynthesis takes place, contains chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis
what are eukaryotic cells
cells that have membrane organelles, e.g nucleus
e.g - animal and plant cells
what are prokaryotic cells
simple cells with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, no nucleus
e.g - bacteria
what does a bacterial cell contain
- singular circular strand of DNA which floats freely in the cytoplasm
- may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
- no chloroplasts or mitochondria
- contain cell membrane, cell wall and cytoplasm
how many micrometres in one mm
1000
differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells have mitochondria and in plants, chloroplasts
- in a eukaryotic cell, DNA is stored in the nucleus, whilst in a prokaryotic cell, DNA is a single molecule found free in the cytoplasm
- eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis whilst prokaryotes undergo binary fission
- most eukaryotic cells are 5 - 100 micrometres, whilst prokaryotic are 0.2 - 2.0 micrometres
what are flagella
whip like structures used for movement
what are flagella
whip like structures in bacteria used for movement
Why can plant differentiate easier than animals?
because plant cells are able to differentiate throughout their lifetime and create more tissues
- animal cells differentiate early as an embryo and rarely create new tissues
