B1- cell biology

Question 1

roughly how big are animal cells

Answer 1

between 0.01 mm – 0.05 mm

Question 2

roughly how big are plants cells

Answer 2

between 0.01 mm – 0.10 mm

Question 3

how do we calculate magnification

Answer 3

image size/ actual size

Question 4

function of the nucleus

Answer 4

• contains genetic material, including DNA that controls the activities of the cell

Question 5

what is the cytoplasm

Answer 5

jelly like substance where most chemical reactions take place

Question 6

what is the cell membrane

Answer 6

part of the cell that holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 7

what is the mitochondria

Answer 7

the part of the cell that releases energy for aerobic respiration

Question 8

what are ribosomes

Answer 8

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs

Question 9

what cell parts do plant cells have but not animals

Answer 9

• vacuole
• cell wall
• chloroplasts

Question 10

what is the vacuole

Answer 10

contains cell sap to keep the cell turgid ( swollen)

Question 11

what is the cell wall

Answer 11

made of cellulose, supports the cell and strengthens it

Question 12

what are chloroplasts

Answer 12

part of the cell where photosynthesis takes place, contains chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis

Question 13

what are eukaryotic cells

Answer 13

cells that have membrane organelles, e.g nucleus

e.g - animal and plant cells

Question 14

what are prokaryotic cells

Answer 14

simple cells with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, no nucleus

e.g - bacteria

Question 15

what does a bacterial cell contain

Answer 15

• singular circular strand of DNA which floats freely in the cytoplasm
• may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
• no chloroplasts or mitochondria
• contain cell membrane, cell wall and cytoplasm

Question 16

how many micrometres in one mm

Answer 16

1000

Question 17

differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

eukaryotic cells have mitochondria and in plants, chloroplasts
- in a eukaryotic cell, DNA is stored in the nucleus, whilst in a prokaryotic cell, DNA is a single molecule found free in the cytoplasm
- eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis whilst prokaryotes undergo binary fission
- most eukaryotic cells are 5 - 100 micrometres, whilst prokaryotic are 0.2 - 2.0 micrometres

Question 18

what are flagella

Answer 18

whip like structures used for movement

Question 19

what are flagella

Answer 19

whip like structures in bacteria used for movement

Question 20

Why can plant differentiate easier than animals?

Answer 20

because plant cells are able to differentiate throughout their lifetime and create more tissues

• animal cells differentiate early as an embryo and rarely create new tissues