Information Flashcards
Memory
(Time limited)
@Senosry memory: 0.5/8sec
~iconic mem (visual info)0.5 /1 sec
~echoic memory(auditory info) 2/8sec
(Time and storage limit) @Working memory :10/30 sec 5 +/-2 Amount of information stored -sensitive to interuption -new information replace old ones -repetion and chunking increase capacity
(No limits)
@Long term memory: infinite permanent
~procedural memory: things that don’t require conscious thought, such as walking ,talking
~semantic memory (conscious memory of formulas or problem solving techniques,general knowledge about word
~episodic memory:recollection of life events, (our story,events ,autobiographical)
Vigilance
The extent of readiness to detect a stimulus that is imperative to safety.
Alertness
Attention
Ability to focus and maintain interest in a given task while avoiding distracions
Improves mental processing
Requires effort
Is limited
2 types of attention
Divided attention
Selective attention
Cocktail part effect
The ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally
Hypo vigilance
A state of reduced sensory sensitivity and response.
A failure to maintain attention over a long period of time
Reduced commmincation on the flight deck
Long memory limitation
~experiecne ~repetition ~suggestion ~desires ~expectations
Long term memory
Susceptible to suggestion and repition .
Memory can suffer damage amnesia
Retrieval of info can be difficult if not used often
Classical conditioning learning
Pavlol experience
A certain stimulus produces a certain response/reaction
The repetition of the same stimulation produces the same type of reaction
Operant conditioning
Based on consequences ,trial and error techinque
Behavior that leads to satisfactory outcomes will be deployed with increasing frequency
Cognitive learning
Acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes such as creating mental representations of physical objects and events
Involves higher mental processes such as understanding knowing and anticipating
Learning by limitation
Is effective when the model:
~is socially accepted
~is respected and charismatic
~has a positive realtion with the observer
~respects and appreciates the observer
~satisfies the observer’s needs
~is successful when applying skills or behaviors
Learning quality factors
~planning and anticipatiob ~instrinsic motivation ~good mental health ~frequent rehearsal ~consciousness ~vigilance ~practical application
DECIDE model
DECIDE model
D=detect E=estimate C=choose I=identity D=do E=evaluate
SKILL ACQUSITION PHASES
~cognitive:understanding of the nature and goal of the activty,initial attempts at the skill,gross errors are possbile
~associative:practice on mastering the timing of the skill,fewer and more consistent errors
~autonomous:well coordinated ,tasks appear effortless,automatic performance allows attention to be directed to other aspects of skill performance,few errors
Motor programmes
A series of subroutines organised into the correct sequence to perform a movement,which are sued when we need to perform a skill
Mental schemas
A cognitive framework that helps the organisation and interpretation of information
Mental schemas in the learningn process
~enhance attention
~allow quick thinking
~simplify the universe of information
~fastens learning
Disadvantage:
Can be resistant to changes
Can inlfuence the interpretation of info
“Central decision maker” only makes us take decision 1 at a time
Srk (skill,rule,knowledge)
Skill based behaviour errors
Based on routine or motor program ,performed without conscious thought
Rule based behaviour and errors
Based on knowledge of procedures,performed consciously,like checklist
Knowledge based behaviour and errors
Based on academical knowledge ,performed consciously
Motivation
The process that initiates ,guides and maintains goal -oriented behaviours
A reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way
Motivation
Three major compenents
Activation:involves the decision to intiate behaviour
Persistence: the continued effort to the goal even though obstacles may exist
Intensity: the concentration and vigor into pursuing a goal
Maslow model
Internal state or condition ,a need or a desire ,that serves to activate or energize behavior and give it direction
