HUMAN FACTORS

Question 1

Pilot ksa

Answer 1

KNOWLEDGE:
The level of preofessional inforomation a pilot aquires ,which enable her/him to recognise, understand and deal with new situations

SKILLS:
Observable competence to perfom a learned psychomotor act

ATTITUDE:
The mental approach to the job and education and training involved

Question 2

Threat

Answer 2

External events or errors that occur beyond the influence of the flight crew,which increases operational complexity and which must be managed to maintain the margins of safety

Question 3

Types of threat

LEO(latent,environmental,organizational)

Answer 3

~latent threat»not immediately obvious or observable by flight crews (equipment design,shorter turn around,shortage of staff)

~environmental threat»occurring during actual operations,can arise spontaneously (can be planned for,can arise spontaneously;;weather,terrain,airport conditions,atc)

~organizational threat»operational pressure ,cabin design ,maintenance ,dispatch ,documentation

Question 4

TEM ERROR:

Answer 4

Any erroneous action,or an inaction,by the flight crew which leads to deviations from operational or organisational intentions and expectations

Question 5

Types of errors:

Answer 5

~procedural error» violation of checklist or SOP (caused by the interaction between a pilot and procedure)

~communication error»caused by the interaction between the pilot and other people

~aircraft error»caused by interactions between the pilots and the a/c through the application of controls

Question 6

Undesired a/c state

Answer 6

Crew induced position or speed deviation ,misapplication of flight controls or incorrect systems configuration,causing a reduction in safety margins

Question 7

Countermeasures

Answer 7

Flight crew must employ counter measures in irder to keep threats ,errors and underside a/c states from reducing safety margins in flight operations.

Like

ACAS: airborne collision avoidance sys
GPWS:
Stick pusher
Stick shaker

Question 8

Individual resources conutermisures

Answer 8

Avoid
Trap
Mitigate

Answer 9

Planning countermisures>essential for managing anticipated and unexpected trials

Execution >essential for error detection and error response

Review countermeasures>essential for managing the changing of flight

Question 10

SHELL model

Answer 10

L>liveware,the human element.the most valuable component in the system

S>software ,procedures,manuals,checklist,chart,maps,computer programs

H>hardware,instruments,equipment,displays controls

E>environment, internal and external physical conditions,social,economical,political,operational environment

L>Liveware, human interactions,management,supervision ,communication

Question 11

Safety culture

Answer 11

The culture within an organisation which is define by the attitudes,beliefs,perceptions and values that employees share in relation to safety

Question 12

Safety management

Answer 12

Safety management is required to establish the necessary procedures that will allow safety culture to be effective within a state or organisation.

Question 13

Open /close culture

Answer 13

Open culture>willing to release all information on threats errors where other can benefit with

Close culture>reluctant to release information on threats errors,preventing others from learning from it

Question 14

Safety

Answer 14

Reducing risk as low as commercially possible.

Question 15

CFIT

Answer 15

Control flight into terain

Question 16

Factors that promote a good safety culture

Answer 16

~workplace risk assessment
~investigation of occurance and thei most probable causes
~COMMUNICATION OF ALL EQUIPMENT AND WORK CONDITIONS CHANGES TO EMPLOYEES
~prompt response to all hazardous issues
~promotion of regular safety trainng
~encouragement of reporting habits

Question 17

Just cuture

Answer 17

If there is no bad intent on breaking rules ,or unsafe acts there is no blame and info will be shared.if you do with intensions then there will be taken hard actions

Answer 18

Just culture
Reortig culture
Informed culture
Learning culuture
Flexibile culture

Question 19

Safety management system

Answer 19

A systematic approach to manage safety

Identifies hazards

Define how to organisation is set up to manage risks

Implement effective communication across all levels of the organisation

Question 20

ICAO eight core competencies:

Answer 20

application of procedures;
communication;
aircraft flight path management, automation;
aircraft flight path management, manual control;
leadership and teamwork;
problem-solving and decision-making;
situation awareness;
workload management.