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Pathology > Inflammation and Repair > Flashcards

Inflammation and Repair Flashcards

1
Q

Name of the organ or tissue + _____ = inflammation in that organ or tissue

A

“itis”

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2
Q

______ inflammation
–Rapid onset, short duration (minutes to days)
–Emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
–Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins

A

Acute

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3
Q

______ inflammation
–Longer duration
–Mononuclear cells –macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
–Proliferation of blood vessels and fibroblasts

A

Chronic

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4
Q

WHich inflammation tends to be exudative?

A

Acute inflammation

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5
Q

_______ inflammation is frequently non-exudative and is often associated with fibrosis and scarring.

A

chronic

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6
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ –the body’s response to injury
–Thermal
–Physical
–Chemical
–Allergic
–Immune mediated disease
A

Inflammation

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7
Q

_______–comes into play when inflammation is caused by a living organism (infection)

A

Immunity

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8
Q

______ may provoke inflammation & immunity

A

Infection

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9
Q

T/F: Inflammation DOES NOT imply infection

A

True

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10
Q

____ and ______ are examples of conditions that cause inflammation that is not categorized as an infection

A

Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune diseases

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11
Q

Components Of ___________
•Circulating blood cells and plasma proteins
•Cells of the blood vessel walls
•Cells and proteins of the extracellular matrix

A

Inflammatory Responses

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12
Q

Most of the defensive elements are located in the _____

A

blood

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13
Q

______ is the means by which defensive cells and chemicals leave the blood and enter the tissue

A

Inflammation

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14
Q

________ is beneficial. Excess or prolonged may be harmful.

A

Inflammation

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15
Q

–delivers defensive cells

A

Leukocytes

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16
Q

–delivers defensive proteins

A

Plasma

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17
Q

What are the 5 R’s of Inflammatory response?

A
  • Recognition of the injurious agent
  • Recruitment of leukocytes
  • Removal of the agent
  • Regulation (control) of the response
  • Resolution (repair)
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18
Q

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in pain

A

Dolor

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19
Q

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in heat

A

Calor

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20
Q

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in swelling

A

tumor

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21
Q

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in redness

A

Rubor

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22
Q 
Cellular Events in \_\_\_\_ Inflammation
•Margination
•Rolling
•Adhesion 
•Diapedesis
•Chemotaxis
•Phagocytosis 
•Killing
A

Acute inflammation

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23
Q

What are the 2 systemic manifestations of acute inflammation?

A

Fever and Leukocytosis

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24
Q

Unlike most other mediators, _____ and _____are available in preformed supplies; cause vascular dilation and leakage

A

histamine and serotonin

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25
Q

•_______ is stored in granules of mast cells

A

Histamine

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26
Q

•_______ is stored in the granules of platelets

A

Serotonin

27
Q

-A substance that can induce an immune response when introduced into an animal.

A

Antigen (Ag)

28
Q

) -A protein that is produced in response an antigen. The antibody binds the antigen that stimulated its production. All are immunoglobulins.

A

Antibody (Ab)

29
Q

-A glycoprotein composed of heavy and light chains that functions as an antibody.

A

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

30
Q

_____ cleaves C3 –C3a, C3b

A

C3 convertase

31
Q

____ deposits to microbes surface, forms C5 convertase

A

C3b

32
Q

_______ cleaves C5 –C5a, C5b•Initiates assembly of MAC

A

C5 convertase

33
Q

What are the 3 outcomes of acute inflammation?

A
  1. Complete resolution
  2. Healing by connective tissue replacement (fibrosis)
  3. Progression of the response to chronic inflammation
34
Q

•A localized collection of pus that has accumulated in a tissue cavity, producing fluctuance; can see some necrosis too

A

Abscess

35
Q

•Diffuse spread of an acute inflammatory process through the fascial planes of soft tissue producing erythema, edema, warmth, and pain, without consolidation

A

Cellulitis

36
Q

____ inflammation, a clinical type of exudative inflammation, occurs only on mucosal surfaces containing mucus-secreting cells, such as nasal or bronchial mucosa

A

Catarrhal inflammation

37
Q

An ____ is a defect in epithelial continuity

A

ulcer

38
Q

Causes of ______Inflammation
•Persistent infection -mycobacteria
•Prolonged exposure to toxic agents
•Exogenous -silicosis
•Endogenous -atherosclerosis
•Immune-mediated inflammatory disease
•Autoimmune diseases -rheumatoid arthritis
•Unregulated immune responses against microbes –inflammatory bowel disease
•Immune responses against environmental substances –(allergic disease) -bronchial asthma

A

Chronic

39
Q
  • A pattern of chronic inflammation
  • Aggregates of epithelioid macrophages (activated)
  • Multinucleated giant cells
  • Mononuclear leukocytes, principally lymphocytes and occasionally plasma cells peripherally
  • Fibrosis variable
A

Granulomatous Inflammation

40
Q

Blocks fusion of phagosome with lysozome

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis:

41
Q 
The following are characteristic of \_\_\_\_\_\_ diseases:
Sarcoidosis
Tuberculosis
Infectious Granulomas
Foreign Body Granulomas
Epitheloid macrophages
Giant cells
A

Granulomatous

42
Q

_____ tissues:
reparative tissue
Endothelial cells and fibroblasts

A

Granulation tissue

43
Q

Pyogenic granuloma is ______ hyperplasia

A

Endothelial

44
Q

•Restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury.
It may occur by regeneration or by healing (scar formation)

A

Repair

45
Q

–growth of cells and tissues to replace lost structures

A

Regeneration

46
Q

–Consists of variable proportions of two distinct processes –regeneration and scarring

A

Healing

47
Q

___ cells are derived from the division of stem cells •Hematopoietic cells •Surface epithelium •Stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina and cervix•Gastrointestinal tract epithelium

A

Labile

48
Q

The most common forms of cancer arise from ____tissues:–Epidermis –skin cancer–Bronchial mucosa –lung cancer–Oral mucosa –oral cancer–Cervical mucosa –cervical cancer–Hematopoietic tissue –leukemias

A

labile

49
Q

The most common forms of cancer arise from ____ tissues:–Epidermis –skin cancer–Bronchial mucosa –lung cancer–Oral mucosa –oral cancer–Cervical mucosa –cervical cancer–Hematopoietic tissue –leukemias

A

labile

50
Q

•______ cells are quiescent and have a very low rate of turnover.•Replacement is carried out by mitotic division of mature cells.•Viscera (liver, kidney, pancreas)•Endothelial cells•Fibroblasts•Smooth muscle cells

A

Stable

51
Q

•_____ cells were generated during fetal life and never divide in postnatal life•Cannot be replaced if lost•Neurons•Cardiac myocytes

A

Permanent

52
Q

______ (Scarring) Occurs If:•The tissue is intrinsically unable to regenerate (heart, brain)•The underlying connective tissue scaffolding is disrupted•Following extensive exudates (organization)

A

Fibrosis

53
Q

Objectives Of ________ •Epithelial Regeneration–Restore integrity of the epithelial surface •Connective Tissue Repair–Restore the tensile strength of the sub-epithelial tissue

A

Wound Healing

54
Q

Healing by ______ union occurs when the wound margins are pulled together

A

primary intention

55
Q

All wound healing involves an _______ reaction even in the absence of infection.

A

inflammatory

56
Q

Healing by _______ union occurs when the wound margins are NOT pulled together

A

secondary intention

57
Q

•Excessive scar formation within the boundaries of the original wound producing a raised scar

A

Hypertrophic scar

58
Q
  • Excessive scar formation that grows beyond the boundaries of the original wound
  • African-Americans
A

Keloid

59
Q

What is the lack of Vitamin C called?

A

Scurvy

60
Q

What are the 2 defects in leukocyte function involved in too few neutrophils?

A

–Agranulocytosis

–Cyclic neutropenia

61
Q

What are the 1 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure of adhesion?

A

–Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)

62
Q

What are the 1 defects in leukocyte function involved in slow chemotaxis?

A

–“Lazy” leukocyte syndrome

63
Q

What are the 2 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure to phagocytose?

A

–Bruton Agammaglobulinemia

–Complement deficiency

64
Q

What are the 3 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure to kill?

A

–Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood–Chediak-Higashi Syndrome–Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

Pathology (26 decks)

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