Inflammation and Repair

Question 1

Name of the organ or tissue + _____ = inflammation in that organ or tissue

Answer 1

“itis”

Question 2

______ inflammation
–Rapid onset, short duration (minutes to days)
–Emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
–Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins

Answer 2

Acute

Question 3

______ inflammation
–Longer duration
–Mononuclear cells –macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
–Proliferation of blood vessels and fibroblasts

Answer 3

Chronic

Question 4

WHich inflammation tends to be exudative?

Answer 4

Acute inflammation

Question 5

_______ inflammation is frequently non-exudative and is often associated with fibrosis and scarring.

Answer 5

chronic

Question 6

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ –the body’s response to injury
–Thermal
–Physical
–Chemical
–Allergic
–Immune mediated disease

Answer 6

Inflammation

Question 7

_______–comes into play when inflammation is caused by a living organism (infection)

Answer 7

Immunity

Question 8

______ may provoke inflammation & immunity

Answer 8

Infection

Question 9

T/F: Inflammation DOES NOT imply infection

Answer 9

True

Question 10

____ and ______ are examples of conditions that cause inflammation that is not categorized as an infection

Answer 10

Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune diseases

Question 11

Components Of ___________
•Circulating blood cells and plasma proteins
•Cells of the blood vessel walls
•Cells and proteins of the extracellular matrix

Answer 11

Inflammatory Responses

Question 12

Most of the defensive elements are located in the _____

Answer 12

blood

Question 13

______ is the means by which defensive cells and chemicals leave the blood and enter the tissue

Answer 13

Inflammation

Question 14

________ is beneficial. Excess or prolonged may be harmful.

Answer 14

Inflammation

Question 15

–delivers defensive cells

Answer 15

Leukocytes

Question 16

–delivers defensive proteins

Answer 16

Plasma

Question 17

What are the 5 R’s of Inflammatory response?

Answer 17

• Recognition of the injurious agent
• Recruitment of leukocytes
• Removal of the agent
• Regulation (control) of the response
• Resolution (repair)

Question 18

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in pain

Answer 18

Dolor

Question 19

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in heat

Answer 19

Calor

Question 20

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in swelling

Answer 20

tumor

Question 21

_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in redness

Answer 21

Rubor

Question 22

Cellular Events in \_\_\_\_ Inflammation
•Margination
•Rolling
•Adhesion 
•Diapedesis
•Chemotaxis
•Phagocytosis 
•Killing

Answer 22

Acute inflammation

Question 23

What are the 2 systemic manifestations of acute inflammation?

Answer 23

Fever and Leukocytosis

Question 24

Unlike most other mediators, _____ and _____are available in preformed supplies; cause vascular dilation and leakage

Answer 24

histamine and serotonin

Question 25

•_______ is stored in granules of mast cells

Answer 25

Histamine

Question 26

•_______ is stored in the granules of platelets

Answer 26

Serotonin

Question 27

-A substance that can induce an immune response when introduced into an animal.

Answer 27

Antigen (Ag)

Question 28

) -A protein that is produced in response an antigen. The antibody binds the antigen that stimulated its production. All are immunoglobulins.

Answer 28

Antibody (Ab)

Question 29

-A glycoprotein composed of heavy and light chains that functions as an antibody.

Answer 29

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

Question 30

_____ cleaves C3 –C3a, C3b

Answer 30

C3 convertase

Question 31

____ deposits to microbes surface, forms C5 convertase

Answer 31

C3b

Question 32

_______ cleaves C5 –C5a, C5b•Initiates assembly of MAC

Answer 32

C5 convertase

Question 33

What are the 3 outcomes of acute inflammation?

Answer 33

1. Complete resolution 2. Healing by connective tissue replacement (fibrosis) 3. Progression of the response to chronic inflammation

Question 34

•A localized collection of pus that has accumulated in a tissue cavity, producing fluctuance; can see some necrosis too

Answer 34

Abscess

Question 35

•Diffuse spread of an acute inflammatory process through the fascial planes of soft tissue producing erythema, edema, warmth, and pain, without consolidation

Answer 35

Cellulitis

Question 36

____ inflammation, a clinical type of exudative inflammation, occurs only on mucosal surfaces containing mucus-secreting cells, such as nasal or bronchial mucosa

Answer 36

Catarrhal inflammation

Question 37

An ____ is a defect in epithelial continuity

Answer 37

ulcer

Question 38

Causes of ______Inflammation •Persistent infection -mycobacteria •Prolonged exposure to toxic agents •Exogenous -silicosis •Endogenous -atherosclerosis •Immune-mediated inflammatory disease •Autoimmune diseases -rheumatoid arthritis •Unregulated immune responses against microbes –inflammatory bowel disease •Immune responses against environmental substances –(allergic disease) -bronchial asthma

Answer 38

Chronic

Question 39

* A pattern of chronic inflammation * Aggregates of epithelioid macrophages (activated) * Multinucleated giant cells * Mononuclear leukocytes, principally lymphocytes and occasionally plasma cells peripherally * Fibrosis variable

Answer 39

Granulomatous Inflammation

Question 40

Blocks fusion of phagosome with lysozome

Answer 40

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis:

Question 41

``` The following are characteristic of ______ diseases: Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis Infectious Granulomas Foreign Body Granulomas Epitheloid macrophages Giant cells ```

Answer 41

Granulomatous

Question 42

_____ tissues: reparative tissue Endothelial cells and fibroblasts

Answer 42

Granulation tissue

Question 43

Pyogenic granuloma is ______ hyperplasia

Answer 43

Endothelial

Question 44

•Restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury. It may occur by regeneration or by healing (scar formation)

Answer 44

Repair

Question 45

–growth of cells and tissues to replace lost structures

Answer 45

Regeneration

Question 46

–Consists of variable proportions of two distinct processes –regeneration and scarring

Answer 46

Healing

Question 47

___ cells are derived from the division of stem cells •Hematopoietic cells •Surface epithelium •Stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina and cervix•Gastrointestinal tract epithelium

Answer 47

Labile

Question 48

The most common forms of cancer arise from ____tissues:–Epidermis –skin cancer–Bronchial mucosa –lung cancer–Oral mucosa –oral cancer–Cervical mucosa –cervical cancer–Hematopoietic tissue –leukemias

Answer 48

labile

Question 49

The most common forms of cancer arise from ____ tissues:–Epidermis –skin cancer–Bronchial mucosa –lung cancer–Oral mucosa –oral cancer–Cervical mucosa –cervical cancer–Hematopoietic tissue –leukemias

Answer 49

labile

Question 50

•______ cells are quiescent and have a very low rate of turnover.•Replacement is carried out by mitotic division of mature cells.•Viscera (liver, kidney, pancreas)•Endothelial cells•Fibroblasts•Smooth muscle cells

Answer 50

Stable

Question 51

•_____ cells were generated during fetal life and never divide in postnatal life•Cannot be replaced if lost•Neurons•Cardiac myocytes

Answer 51

Permanent

Question 52

______ (Scarring) Occurs If:•The tissue is intrinsically unable to regenerate (heart, brain)•The underlying connective tissue scaffolding is disrupted•Following extensive exudates (organization)

Answer 52

Fibrosis

Question 53

Objectives Of ________ •Epithelial Regeneration–Restore integrity of the epithelial surface •Connective Tissue Repair–Restore the tensile strength of the sub-epithelial tissue

Answer 53

Wound Healing

Question 54

Healing by ______ union occurs when the wound margins are pulled together

Answer 54

primary intention

Question 55

All wound healing involves an _______ reaction even in the absence of infection.

Answer 55

inflammatory

Question 56

Healing by _______ union occurs when the wound margins are NOT pulled together

Answer 56

secondary intention

Question 57

•Excessive scar formation within the boundaries of the original wound producing a raised scar

Answer 57

Hypertrophic scar

Question 58

* Excessive scar formation that grows beyond the boundaries of the original wound * African-Americans

Answer 58

Keloid

Question 59

What is the lack of Vitamin C called?

Answer 59

Scurvy

Question 60

What are the 2 defects in leukocyte function involved in too few neutrophils?

Answer 60

–Agranulocytosis | –Cyclic neutropenia

Question 61

What are the 1 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure of adhesion?

Answer 61

–Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)

Question 62

What are the 1 defects in leukocyte function involved in slow chemotaxis?

Answer 62

–“Lazy” leukocyte syndrome

Question 63

What are the 2 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure to phagocytose?

Answer 63

–Bruton Agammaglobulinemia | –Complement deficiency

Question 64

What are the 3 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure to kill?

Answer 64

–Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood–Chediak-Higashi Syndrome–Myeloperoxidase Deficiency