Inflammation and Repair Flashcards
Name of the organ or tissue + _____ = inflammation in that organ or tissue
“itis”
______ inflammation
–Rapid onset, short duration (minutes to days)
–Emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
–Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins
Acute
______ inflammation
–Longer duration
–Mononuclear cells –macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
–Proliferation of blood vessels and fibroblasts
Chronic
WHich inflammation tends to be exudative?
Acute inflammation
_______ inflammation is frequently non-exudative and is often associated with fibrosis and scarring.
chronic
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ –the body’s response to injury –Thermal –Physical –Chemical –Allergic –Immune mediated disease
Inflammation
_______–comes into play when inflammation is caused by a living organism (infection)
Immunity
______ may provoke inflammation & immunity
Infection
T/F: Inflammation DOES NOT imply infection
True
____ and ______ are examples of conditions that cause inflammation that is not categorized as an infection
Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune diseases
Components Of ___________
•Circulating blood cells and plasma proteins
•Cells of the blood vessel walls
•Cells and proteins of the extracellular matrix
Inflammatory Responses
Most of the defensive elements are located in the _____
blood
______ is the means by which defensive cells and chemicals leave the blood and enter the tissue
Inflammation
________ is beneficial. Excess or prolonged may be harmful.
Inflammation
–delivers defensive cells
Leukocytes
–delivers defensive proteins
Plasma
What are the 5 R’s of Inflammatory response?
- Recognition of the injurious agent
- Recruitment of leukocytes
- Removal of the agent
- Regulation (control) of the response
- Resolution (repair)
_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in pain
Dolor
_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in heat
Calor
_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in swelling
tumor
_____ is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation involved in redness
Rubor
Cellular Events in \_\_\_\_ Inflammation •Margination •Rolling •Adhesion •Diapedesis •Chemotaxis •Phagocytosis •Killing
Acute inflammation
What are the 2 systemic manifestations of acute inflammation?
Fever and Leukocytosis
Unlike most other mediators, _____ and _____are available in preformed supplies; cause vascular dilation and leakage
histamine and serotonin
•_______ is stored in granules of mast cells
Histamine
•_______ is stored in the granules of platelets
Serotonin
-A substance that can induce an immune response when introduced into an animal.
Antigen (Ag)
) -A protein that is produced in response an antigen. The antibody binds the antigen that stimulated its production. All are immunoglobulins.
Antibody (Ab)
-A glycoprotein composed of heavy and light chains that functions as an antibody.
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
_____ cleaves C3 –C3a, C3b
C3 convertase
____ deposits to microbes surface, forms C5 convertase
C3b
_______ cleaves C5 –C5a, C5b•Initiates assembly of MAC
C5 convertase
What are the 3 outcomes of acute inflammation?
- Complete resolution
- Healing by connective tissue replacement (fibrosis)
- Progression of the response to chronic inflammation
•A localized collection of pus that has accumulated in a tissue cavity, producing fluctuance; can see some necrosis too
Abscess
•Diffuse spread of an acute inflammatory process through the fascial planes of soft tissue producing erythema, edema, warmth, and pain, without consolidation
Cellulitis
____ inflammation, a clinical type of exudative inflammation, occurs only on mucosal surfaces containing mucus-secreting cells, such as nasal or bronchial mucosa
Catarrhal inflammation
An ____ is a defect in epithelial continuity
ulcer
Causes of ______Inflammation
•Persistent infection -mycobacteria
•Prolonged exposure to toxic agents
•Exogenous -silicosis
•Endogenous -atherosclerosis
•Immune-mediated inflammatory disease
•Autoimmune diseases -rheumatoid arthritis
•Unregulated immune responses against microbes –inflammatory bowel disease
•Immune responses against environmental substances –(allergic disease) -bronchial asthma
Chronic
- A pattern of chronic inflammation
- Aggregates of epithelioid macrophages (activated)
- Multinucleated giant cells
- Mononuclear leukocytes, principally lymphocytes and occasionally plasma cells peripherally
- Fibrosis variable
Granulomatous Inflammation
Blocks fusion of phagosome with lysozome
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis:
The following are characteristic of \_\_\_\_\_\_ diseases: Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis Infectious Granulomas Foreign Body Granulomas Epitheloid macrophages Giant cells
Granulomatous
_____ tissues:
reparative tissue
Endothelial cells and fibroblasts
Granulation tissue
Pyogenic granuloma is ______ hyperplasia
Endothelial
•Restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury.
It may occur by regeneration or by healing (scar formation)
Repair
–growth of cells and tissues to replace lost structures
Regeneration
–Consists of variable proportions of two distinct processes –regeneration and scarring
Healing
___ cells are derived from the division of stem cells •Hematopoietic cells •Surface epithelium •Stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina and cervix•Gastrointestinal tract epithelium
Labile
The most common forms of cancer arise from ____tissues:–Epidermis –skin cancer–Bronchial mucosa –lung cancer–Oral mucosa –oral cancer–Cervical mucosa –cervical cancer–Hematopoietic tissue –leukemias
labile
The most common forms of cancer arise from ____ tissues:–Epidermis –skin cancer–Bronchial mucosa –lung cancer–Oral mucosa –oral cancer–Cervical mucosa –cervical cancer–Hematopoietic tissue –leukemias
labile
•______ cells are quiescent and have a very low rate of turnover.•Replacement is carried out by mitotic division of mature cells.•Viscera (liver, kidney, pancreas)•Endothelial cells•Fibroblasts•Smooth muscle cells
Stable
•_____ cells were generated during fetal life and never divide in postnatal life•Cannot be replaced if lost•Neurons•Cardiac myocytes
Permanent
______ (Scarring) Occurs If:•The tissue is intrinsically unable to regenerate (heart, brain)•The underlying connective tissue scaffolding is disrupted•Following extensive exudates (organization)
Fibrosis
Objectives Of ________ •Epithelial Regeneration–Restore integrity of the epithelial surface •Connective Tissue Repair–Restore the tensile strength of the sub-epithelial tissue
Wound Healing
Healing by ______ union occurs when the wound margins are pulled together
primary intention
All wound healing involves an _______ reaction even in the absence of infection.
inflammatory
Healing by _______ union occurs when the wound margins are NOT pulled together
secondary intention
•Excessive scar formation within the boundaries of the original wound producing a raised scar
Hypertrophic scar
- Excessive scar formation that grows beyond the boundaries of the original wound
- African-Americans
Keloid
What is the lack of Vitamin C called?
Scurvy
What are the 2 defects in leukocyte function involved in too few neutrophils?
–Agranulocytosis
–Cyclic neutropenia
What are the 1 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure of adhesion?
–Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)
What are the 1 defects in leukocyte function involved in slow chemotaxis?
–“Lazy” leukocyte syndrome
What are the 2 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure to phagocytose?
–Bruton Agammaglobulinemia
–Complement deficiency
What are the 3 defects in leukocyte function involved in failure to kill?
–Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood–Chediak-Higashi Syndrome–Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
