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Pathology > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Organism that is capable of causing disease

A

Pathogen

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2
Q

______ virulence of a pathogen -causes disease in a healthy population

A

High

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3
Q

______ virulence of a pathogen causes disease only in susceptible populations

A

Low

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4
Q

________ pathogen
•Non-pathogenic organism
•Low virulence
•Immunocompromised host

A

Opportunistic

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5
Q
  • Interaction between two organisms

* Both organism benefits

A

Mutualistic

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6
Q
  • Interaction between two organisms
  • One organism benefits
  • Other is neither harmed nor helped
  • C. albicans
A

Commensalism

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7
Q

How do _______ injure cells and cause tissue damage?•Bind to or enter host cells
•Release endotoxins or exotoxins
•Release enzymes that degrade tissue components
•Damage blood vessels and cause ischemic injury
•Induce host inflammatory and immune responses

A

pathogens

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8
Q
  • Intracellular parasites
  • Cell type specific
  • Viral latency
A

Viruses

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9
Q

A ______ is a nucleic acid looking for a home

A

virus

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10
Q

What are the 5 steps of viral infection and replication?

A
  • Attach
  • Penetrate
  • Reproduce
  • Assemble
  • Release
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11
Q
  • Humans are the natural reservoir
  • Latency
  • Reactivation
A

Human Herpes Virus (HHV)

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12
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

A

•HHV-1

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13
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

A

•HHV-2

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14
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus

A

•HHV-3

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15
Q

Epstein Barr Virus

A

•HHV-4

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16
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

•HHV-5

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17
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma associated virus

A

•HHV-8

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18
Q

Transmission of _______
•Contact with affected individual shedding virus
•Symptomatic active lesions
•Asymptomatic viral shredding

A

HSV

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19
Q

____ herpes virus are usually above the belt that are mostly oral infections

A

HHV-1

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20
Q

_____ herpes virus are usually below belt that are mostly genital infections

A

HHV-2

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21
Q

______ Infection With Herpes Simplex Virus
•Initial exposure to virus in an individual without immunity
•Generally occurs at young age after physical contact with infected individual
•Mostly subclinical disease–80% of US population has antibodies to HSV

A

Primary

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22
Q
  • Flu-like illness with fever, malaise, arthralgia, headache

* Cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

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23
Q

Where are the only 2 places recurrent intra-oral herpes can occur?

A

Hard palate

Attached gingiva

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24
Q

Does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis occur on attached or unattached mucosa?

A

Both

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25
Q

•Focal mucosal destruction
•T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic reaction
-Not an infectious disease

A

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

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26
Q 
The following are participating factors for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
•Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
•Stress
•Trauma
•Allergies
•Acidic foods / juices
•Gluten
•Endocrine alterations
A

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

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27
Q

Does aphthous stomatitis occur on movable or immovable tissue?

A

Movable

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28
Q

What are the 3 forms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis?

A

Minor
Major
Herpetiform

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29
Q 
\_\_\_\_ aphthae
•Recurrent disease
•Shallow, painful ulcerations on non-keratinized mucosa
•Solitary or multiple lesions
•Heal in two weeks
A

Minor Aphthae

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30
Q 
\_\_\_\_ aphthae
•Recurrent disease
•Larger (> 0.5cm)
•Deeper -may heal with scarring
•Heal slowly -weeks to months
A

Major Aphthae

31
Q

____ aphthae
•Crops of small, shallow, painful ulcers
•Heal in two weeks
•Short remissions

A

Herpetiform Aphthae

32
Q
  • Transmission by inspiration of infected droplets
  • Clinical disease in most individuals
  • Constitutional symptoms
  • Skin lesions begin on face/trunk
  • Vesicles in repeated waves
  • Heal without scarring
A

Varicella (Chicken Pox)

33
Q

What ganglion does Herpes Simplex like to stay in?

A

Trigeminal

34
Q

•Prodrome of pain, paresthesia
•Unilateral dermatomal involvement
-Unilateral and painful

A

Varicella (Shingles)

35
Q

DOes recurrent herpes have a short or long duration?

A

Short duration

36
Q

Does varicella zoster have a short or long duration?

A

Long duration

37
Q

Transformative virus that can cause tumors
•Most adults EBV+
•Latency
•Tropism for B lymphocytes
•Infects epithelial cells of oral mucosa, oropharynx and nasopharynx

A

•Herpesvirus(HHV-4)

38
Q

What are the 4 disease associated with HHV-4?

A
  1. Infectious Mononucleosis
  2. Lymphomas–NHL and HLe.g. Burkitt lymphoma(NHL)
  3. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
  4. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
39
Q
  • Debilitating EBV infection
  • Self-limiting
  • Young adults
  • Salivary transmission
  • Fatigue
  • Malaise
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Peripheral blood lymphocytosis
  • Lymphocytes, not monocytes
  • Atypical lymphocytes (Downey Cells)
A

Infectious Mononucleosis

40
Q

•Epithelial hyperplasia associated with EBV infection•Lateral border of tongue –common location •May occur in any immunodeficiency state
-Bilateral; vertical white striations

A

Oral hairy Leukoplakia

41
Q

Are oral hairy leukoplakia and hairy tongue the same thing?

A

NO

42
Q 
(HHV –5 )
•Most of population affect by age 60
•Most CMV infections are asymptomatic
•Initial infection
•Latency
•Reactivation
A

Cytomegalovirus•CMV

43
Q
  • Similar to infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
  • Heterophile antibody negative
  • Rarely acute sialadenitis with painful swelling and xerostomia
A

CMV

44
Q

Is infectious mononucleosis heterophile antibody positive or negative

A

Positive

45
Q

•Self-limited disease that occurs in epidemics of flu-like symptoms in young children
•Transmitted by fecal-oral and airborne routes
-Herpangina
-HFM disease

A

Coxsackie Virus

46
Q
  • Constitutional symptoms
  • Begins as small vesicles that rupture and ulcerate
  • Posterior oral cavity and oropharynx
A

Herpangina

47
Q

•Vesicular eruption of hands, feet and anterior mouth

A

HFM disease

48
Q 
•Childhood infection
•Communicable disease 
•Skin rash
•Measles, Mumps, Rubella vaccine (MMR) Immunization 
-Koplik's spots in oral
A

Measles (Ruebella)

49
Q

•“Grains of salt” on an erythematous base
•Foci of epithelial necrosis
-oral manifestation of Measles

A

Koplik’s spots

50
Q
  • Childhood infection
  • Communicable disease
  • 30% subclinical infection
  • Prodromal constitutional symptoms
  • Salivary gland swelling and discomfort
  • Elevated serum amylase–Released from granules during lysis of acinar cells
  • Specific serologic tests
  • Complications rare in the young and more common in older individuals
  • Orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis, meningitis, thyroiditis, pancreatitis
  • Sterility, hearing loss
A

Mumps

51
Q
  • Pulmonary infection most common
  • Intracellular pathogen
  • Granulomatous disease
A

Tuberculosis

52
Q

What 3 cells are in granulomatous inflammation?

A

Activated macrophages (histiocytes)
Multinucleated giant cells
Lymphocytes

53
Q
  • Infection -growth of the organism in a patient
  • Active disease -destructive, symptomatic disease
  • Droplet nuclei (1 -5 microns)
  • Stay airborne for long periods of time
  • Reach the pulmonary alveoli
A

Tuberculosis

54
Q
  • Previously unexposed (unsensitized) person
  • Gohn complex (parenchymal lung lesion and hilar nodal lesion)
  • Cell-mediated immunity controls infection
  • Fibrosis and calcification
  • Viable organisms dormant in lesions (latent disease)
  • May reactivate if immune defenses lowered
A

Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis

55
Q
  • Reactivation of dormant primary lesions in a previously sensitized host
  • Cavitation leads to erosion into airway and production of contaminated sputum
A

Secondary Pulmonary Tuberculosis

56
Q

What type of necrosis is seen in TB?

A

Caseous necrosis

57
Q

MT produces _______ that blocks fusion of phagosome with lysosome

A

TB Cord factor

58
Q

What type of hypersensitivity rxn is Mantoux TB skin test?

A

Type 4 delayed

59
Q
  • Tuberculous lymphadenitis of neck
  • Mycobacterium bovis infection from infected milk
  • Pasteurization of milk
  • Tuberculosis control for cattle
A

Scrofula

60
Q

•Treponema pallidum•Sexually-transmitted systemic disease•Sequential clinical stages•Years of latency

A

Syphilllis

61
Q

What are the 2 forms of syphilllis?

A

Acquired

Congenital

62
Q

What is the lesion of primary syphilis?

A

Chancre (Hard)

63
Q

What are the 3 lesions of secondary syphilis?

A

Skin rash
Mucous patch
Condyloma lata

64
Q

Which phase of acquired syphilis is the most destructive?

A

Tertiary

65
Q

What is the lesion of tertiary?

A

Gumma

66
Q

Which form of acquired syphilis is not infectious?

A

Tertiary

67
Q

What are the 2 dental manifestations of congenital syphilis?

A

Hutchinson’s incisors

Mulberry molars

68
Q 
The following are lesions of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
•Snuffles
•Saddle nose
•Rhagades
•Hutchinson’s incisors
•Mulberry molars
A

Congenital syphilis

69
Q

What are the 3 congenital symptoms of the Hutchinson’s triad?

A
  1. Blind -interstitial keratitis
  2. Deaf
  3. Dental anomalies
70
Q 
•Endemic to Mississippi River Valley
•Transmission by inhalation of spores–Bird droppings, dust particles
•Sub-clinical infection usual
•Flu-like syndrome
Mississippi Valley Fever
•Inhalation of spores
•Phagocytosis
•Specific immunity
•Killing of organism
•Dystrophic calcification
A

Histoplasmosis

71
Q
  • Deep fungal infection of the lungs
  • 40% develop respiratory symptoms
  • Disseminated disease may occur
A

Coccidiomycosis

72
Q 
•Multi-system granulomatous disorder
•Unknown cause
•Young adults 
•African-Americans-10:1
•Common findings
–Hilar lymphadenopathy
–Skin and eye lesions
NOT AN INFECTION
A

Sarcoidosis

73
Q

Is sarcoidosis caseating or non-caseating?

A

Non-caseating

74
Q

Salivary Gland involvement in _________:
•Parotid enlargement
•Xerostomia
•Facial nerve weakness

A

Sarcoidosis

Pathology (26 decks)

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