Infectious Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Organism that is capable of causing disease
A
Pathogen
2
Q
______ virulence of a pathogen -causes disease in a healthy population
A
High
3
Q
______ virulence of a pathogen causes disease only in susceptible populations
A
Low
4
Q
________ pathogen
•Non-pathogenic organism
•Low virulence
•Immunocompromised host
A
Opportunistic
5
Q
- Interaction between two organisms
* Both organism benefits
A
Mutualistic
6
Q
- Interaction between two organisms
- One organism benefits
- Other is neither harmed nor helped
- C. albicans
A
Commensalism
7
Q
How do _______ injure cells and cause tissue damage?•Bind to or enter host cells
•Release endotoxins or exotoxins
•Release enzymes that degrade tissue components
•Damage blood vessels and cause ischemic injury
•Induce host inflammatory and immune responses
A
pathogens
8
Q
- Intracellular parasites
- Cell type specific
- Viral latency
A
Viruses
9
Q
A ______ is a nucleic acid looking for a home
A
virus
10
Q
What are the 5 steps of viral infection and replication?
A
- Attach
- Penetrate
- Reproduce
- Assemble
- Release
11
Q
- Humans are the natural reservoir
- Latency
- Reactivation
A
Human Herpes Virus (HHV)
12
Q
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
A
•HHV-1
13
Q
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
A
•HHV-2
14
Q
Varicella Zoster Virus
A
•HHV-3
15
Q
Epstein Barr Virus
A
•HHV-4
16
Q
Cytomegalovirus
A
•HHV-5
17
Q
Kaposi Sarcoma associated virus
A
•HHV-8
18
Q
Transmission of _______
•Contact with affected individual shedding virus
•Symptomatic active lesions
•Asymptomatic viral shredding
A
HSV
19
Q
____ herpes virus are usually above the belt that are mostly oral infections
A
HHV-1
20
Q
_____ herpes virus are usually below belt that are mostly genital infections
A
HHV-2
21
Q
______ Infection With Herpes Simplex Virus
•Initial exposure to virus in an individual without immunity
•Generally occurs at young age after physical contact with infected individual
•Mostly subclinical disease–80% of US population has antibodies to HSV
A
Primary
22
Q
- Flu-like illness with fever, malaise, arthralgia, headache
* Cervical lymphadenopathy
A
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
23
Q
Where are the only 2 places recurrent intra-oral herpes can occur?
A
Hard palate
Attached gingiva
24
Q
Does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis occur on attached or unattached mucosa?
A
Both
25
•Focal mucosal destruction
•T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic reaction
-Not an infectious disease
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
26
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The following are participating factors for _________:
•Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
•Stress
•Trauma
•Allergies
•Acidic foods / juices
•Gluten
•Endocrine alterations
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Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
27
Does aphthous stomatitis occur on movable or immovable tissue?
Movable
28
What are the 3 forms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Minor
Major
Herpetiform
29
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____ aphthae
•Recurrent disease
•Shallow, painful ulcerations on non-keratinized mucosa
•Solitary or multiple lesions
•Heal in two weeks
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Minor Aphthae
30
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____ aphthae
•Recurrent disease
•Larger (> 0.5cm)
•Deeper -may heal with scarring
•Heal slowly -weeks to months
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Major Aphthae
31
____ aphthae
•Crops of small, shallow, painful ulcers
•Heal in two weeks
•Short remissions
Herpetiform Aphthae
32
* Transmission by inspiration of infected droplets
* Clinical disease in most individuals
* Constitutional symptoms
* Skin lesions begin on face/trunk
* Vesicles in repeated waves
* Heal without scarring
Varicella (Chicken Pox)
33
What ganglion does Herpes Simplex like to stay in?
Trigeminal
34
•Prodrome of pain, paresthesia
•Unilateral dermatomal involvement
-Unilateral and painful
Varicella (Shingles)
35
DOes recurrent herpes have a short or long duration?
Short duration
36
Does varicella zoster have a short or long duration?
Long duration
37
Transformative virus that can cause tumors
•Most adults EBV+
•Latency
•Tropism for B lymphocytes
•Infects epithelial cells of oral mucosa, oropharynx and nasopharynx
•Herpesvirus(HHV-4)
38
What are the 4 disease associated with HHV-4?
1. Infectious Mononucleosis
2. Lymphomas–NHL and HLe.g. Burkitt lymphoma(NHL)
3. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
4. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
39
* Debilitating EBV infection
* Self-limiting
* Young adults
* Salivary transmission
* Fatigue
* Malaise
* Lymphadenopathy
* Fever
* Sore throat
* Peripheral blood lymphocytosis
* Lymphocytes, not monocytes
* Atypical lymphocytes (Downey Cells)
Infectious Mononucleosis
40
•Epithelial hyperplasia associated with EBV infection•Lateral border of tongue –common location •May occur in any immunodeficiency state
-Bilateral; vertical white striations
Oral hairy Leukoplakia
41
Are oral hairy leukoplakia and hairy tongue the same thing?
NO
42
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(HHV –5 )
•Most of population affect by age 60
•Most CMV infections are asymptomatic
•Initial infection
•Latency
•Reactivation
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Cytomegalovirus•CMV
43
* Similar to infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
* Heterophile antibody negative
* Rarely acute sialadenitis with painful swelling and xerostomia
CMV
44
Is infectious mononucleosis heterophile antibody positive or negative
Positive
45
•Self-limited disease that occurs in epidemics of flu-like symptoms in young children
•Transmitted by fecal-oral and airborne routes
-Herpangina
-HFM disease
Coxsackie Virus
46
* Constitutional symptoms
* Begins as small vesicles that rupture and ulcerate
* Posterior oral cavity and oropharynx
Herpangina
47
•Vesicular eruption of hands, feet and anterior mouth
HFM disease
48
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•Childhood infection
•Communicable disease
•Skin rash
•Measles, Mumps, Rubella vaccine (MMR) Immunization
-Koplik's spots in oral
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Measles (Ruebella)
49
•“Grains of salt” on an erythematous base
•Foci of epithelial necrosis
-oral manifestation of Measles
Koplik's spots
50
* Childhood infection
* Communicable disease
* 30% subclinical infection
* Prodromal constitutional symptoms
* Salivary gland swelling and discomfort
* Elevated serum amylase–Released from granules during lysis of acinar cells
* Specific serologic tests
* Complications rare in the young and more common in older individuals
* Orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis, meningitis, thyroiditis, pancreatitis
* Sterility, hearing loss
Mumps
51
* Pulmonary infection most common
* Intracellular pathogen
* Granulomatous disease
Tuberculosis
52
What 3 cells are in granulomatous inflammation?
Activated macrophages (histiocytes)
Multinucleated giant cells
Lymphocytes
53
* Infection -growth of the organism in a patient
* Active disease -destructive, symptomatic disease
* Droplet nuclei (1 -5 microns)
* Stay airborne for long periods of time
* Reach the pulmonary alveoli
Tuberculosis
54
* Previously unexposed (unsensitized) person
* Gohn complex (parenchymal lung lesion and hilar nodal lesion)
* Cell-mediated immunity controls infection
* Fibrosis and calcification
* Viable organisms dormant in lesions (latent disease)
* May reactivate if immune defenses lowered
Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis
55
* Reactivation of dormant primary lesions in a previously sensitized host
* Cavitation leads to erosion into airway and production of contaminated sputum
Secondary Pulmonary Tuberculosis
56
What type of necrosis is seen in TB?
Caseous necrosis
57
MT produces _______ that blocks fusion of phagosome with lysosome
TB Cord factor
58
What type of hypersensitivity rxn is Mantoux TB skin test?
Type 4 delayed
59
* Tuberculous lymphadenitis of neck
* Mycobacterium bovis infection from infected milk
* Pasteurization of milk
* Tuberculosis control for cattle
Scrofula
60
•Treponema pallidum•Sexually-transmitted systemic disease•Sequential clinical stages•Years of latency
Syphilllis
61
What are the 2 forms of syphilllis?
Acquired
| Congenital
62
What is the lesion of primary syphilis?
Chancre (Hard)
63
What are the 3 lesions of secondary syphilis?
Skin rash
Mucous patch
Condyloma lata
64
Which phase of acquired syphilis is the most destructive?
Tertiary
65
What is the lesion of tertiary?
Gumma
66
Which form of acquired syphilis is not infectious?
Tertiary
67
What are the 2 dental manifestations of congenital syphilis?
Hutchinson's incisors
| Mulberry molars
68
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The following are lesions of ________:
•Snuffles
•Saddle nose
•Rhagades
•Hutchinson’s incisors
•Mulberry molars
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Congenital syphilis
69
What are the 3 congenital symptoms of the Hutchinson's triad?
1. Blind -interstitial keratitis
2. Deaf
3. Dental anomalies
70
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•Endemic to Mississippi River Valley
•Transmission by inhalation of spores–Bird droppings, dust particles
•Sub-clinical infection usual
•Flu-like syndrome
Mississippi Valley Fever
•Inhalation of spores
•Phagocytosis
•Specific immunity
•Killing of organism
•Dystrophic calcification
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Histoplasmosis
71
* Deep fungal infection of the lungs
* 40% develop respiratory symptoms
* Disseminated disease may occur
Coccidiomycosis
72
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•Multi-system granulomatous disorder
•Unknown cause
•Young adults
•African-Americans-10:1
•Common findings
–Hilar lymphadenopathy
–Skin and eye lesions
NOT AN INFECTION
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Sarcoidosis
73
Is sarcoidosis caseating or non-caseating?
Non-caseating
74
Salivary Gland involvement in _________:
•Parotid enlargement
•Xerostomia
•Facial nerve weakness
Sarcoidosis
