Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

Protective response to rid the body of the cause of cell injury

Question 2

SHARP

Answer 2

Swelling, Heat, Altered Function, Redness, Pain

Question 3

Acute Inflammation

Answer 3

SHARP, Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, recruitment of neutrophils
Caused by- infection, physical agent, irritant, necrosis

Question 4

Chronic Inflammation

Answer 4

Weeks to months to Indefinitely
Participation by Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblast and angioblasts
Caused by persistence of irritant or endogenous antigen

Question 5

Histamine

Answer 5

Amine
Produced by Mast Cells and basophils
Causes-Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and pain
Mechanism- GPCR

Question 6

Bradykinin

Answer 6

Peptide
Produced by endothelial cells
Causes- vasodilation, increased microvessel permeability and pain
Mechanism- GPCR

Question 7

Complement System

Answer 7

Plasma Proteins
Produced by liver and circulate in blood
Causes- Chemotaxis-recruit of inflammatory response cells, mediator release form neutrophil, increase vascular permeability
Mechanism- Osmotic lysis via GPCR

Question 8

C-Reactive Protein

Answer 8

Plasma Protein
Produced by liver and adipocytes
Causes- acute phase reactant, complement cascade, phagocytosis and marks inflammation
Mechanism- Bind to phospholipid in damaged cells and bacteria
Elevated levels increase risk of diabetes, hypertension, and CV disease

Question 9

Cytokines

IL-1 and TNF-α

Answer 9

Produced by all cells
TNF-α- acute phase reaction, fever, sepsis
IL-1- acute phase reaction, fibroblast, lymphocyte proliferation and fever
Mechanism- induce NFkB and AP-1. Increase COX(fever)

Question 10

Adenosine

Answer 10

Nucleoside formed from ATP breakdown
Produced by all cells
Cause- anti-inflammatory, inhibit cytokines

Question 11

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAM)

Answer 11

Proteins
Produced by endothelial cells, platelets and leukocytes
Causes- leukocyte adhesion to endothelium for tissue repair and Endothelial adhesion molecules contribute to recruitment of platelets.

Question 12

Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals

Answer 12

Produced by all cells
Cause intracellular killing of bacteria by neutrophils
Mechanism- protein oxidation, lipid oxidation and DNA mutations

Question 13

Prostaglandins

Answer 13

Produced by all cells
Cause-vasodilation/constriction, pain, fever, platelet aggregation
Mechanism- GPCR

Question 14

Leukotrienes

Answer 14

Produced by macrophages and neutrophils
Cause- increased vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction
Mechanism- activate GPCR

Question 15

Glucocorticoids

Answer 15

Produced in adrenal Cortex
Cause-Inhibition of cytokines, Phopholiase A2, COX-2, CAM
Mechanism- activation of nuclear receptors

Question 16

Etanercept

Infliximab

Answer 16

Cytokine Inhibitors