Diuretics Flashcards
Fenoldopam
Renal Vasodilator
orally active
Tx- Hypertensive crisis and shock
MOA- dilate renal vasculature without changing GFR. Thus less net movement back into capillary.
effect is limited due to downstream compensation
Dopamine
Renal Vasodilator
orally active
Tx- Hypertensive crisis and shock
MOA- dilate renal vasculature without changing GFR. Thus less net movement back into capillary.
effect is limited due to downstream compensation
Atriopeptin
Renal Vasodilator
orally active
Tx- Hypertensive crisis and shock
MOA- dilate renal vasculature without changing GFR. Thus less net movement back into capillary.
effect is limited due to downstream compensation
Mannitol
Osmotic Diuretic
1. Freely filtered
2. Not reabsorbed
3. Metabolically inert
Given IV
Increases osmotic pressure in lumen causing increased H2O and electrolyte excretion
Tx- Edema, Glaucoma and acute renal failure
Acetazolamide
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Orally Active Weal Diuretic limited via acidosis Utilizes OTA acts in proximal and distal tubule Causes Alkalinized Urine Tx- Glaucoma, altitude sickness, anticonvulsant
Furosemide
Loop Diuretic Oral and IV High efficacy Fast acting Utilize OAT inhibit Na-K-2Cl symporter in ascending limb Also increases RBF, GFR, Ca excretion and causes large Urine volume HYPERGLYCEMIA ototoxicity
Bumetanide
Loop Diuretic Oral and IV High efficacy Fast acting Utilize OAT inhibit Na-K-2Cl symporter in ascending limb Also increases RBF, GFR, Ca excretion and causes large Urine volume ototoxicity
Ethacrynic Acid
Loop Diuretic Oral and IV High efficacy Fast acting Utilize OAT inhibit Na-K-2Cl symporter in ascending limb Also increases RBF, GFR, Ca excretion and causes large Urine volume ototoxicity
Chlorothiazide
Thiazide Orally active intermediate efficacy Use OAT inhibit Na-Cl symporter in distal tubule Urine is hypertonic (unable to dilute) increase K excretion and urate reabsorption HYPERGLYCEMIA Decrease GFR Tx- hypertension, edema, hypercalciuria
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide Orally active intermediate efficacy Use OAT inhibit Na-Cl symporter in distal tubule Urine is hypertonic (unable to dilute) increase K excretion and urate reabsorption HYPERGLYCEMIA Decrease GFR Tx- hypertension, edema, hypercalciuria
Metolazone
Thiazide Orally active intermediate efficacy Use OAT inhibit Na-Cl symporter in distal tubule Urine is hypertonic (unable to dilute) increase K excretion and urate reabsorption HYPERGLYCEMIA Decrease GFR Tx- hypertension, edema, hypercalciuria
Spironolactone
K Sparing Diuretic-Aldosterone antagonist
Orally active
increase Na loss without K loss
Blocks Aldosterone in collecting duct
GYNECOMASTIA
Tx- edema, hypertension, used in combination
Improve survival in Heart failure
Eplerenone
K Sparing Diuretic-Aldosterone antagonist
Orally active
increase Na loss without K loss
Blocks Aldosterone in collecting duct
Tx- edema, hypertension, used in combination
Improve survival in Heart failure
Triamterene
K Sparing Diuretic- ENaC inhibitor Orally active increase Na loss without K loss Blocks ENaC in collecting duct *Decrease RBF and GFR in high doses Tx- edema, hypertension, used in combination Azotemia
Amilaride
K Sparing Diuretic- ENaC inhibitor Orally active increase Na loss without K loss Blocks ENaC in collecting duct Tx- edema, hypertension, used in combination Azotemia
