Infectous Diseases

Question 1

Dengue Presentation

Answer 1

High fever with a least two of the following: severe headache, muscle pain, severe eye pain, joint pain, rash, mild bleeding manifestation and/or low white cell count

Question 2

In dengue, as fever declines, warning signs that require immediate attention

Answer 2

Severe abdominal pain or persistant vomiting 
Red spots or patches on skin
Bleeding from nose or gums
Vomiting blood
Black, tarry stools
Drowsiness or irritability
Pale, cold, clammy skin
Difficulty breathing

Question 3

What happens in dengue patients without proper support

Answer 3

Excessively leaky capillaries, escaped fluid component from vessels, acities and pleural effusions, circulatory system failure and shock, possible death

Question 4

Protection of dengue

Answer 4

Combat vector mosquitos: dipose of waste, open containers, proper protective gear, insecticides

Question 5

Zika common symptoms

Answer 5

Fever, rash, joint paint, conjunctivities

Other symptoms: muscle pain, headache

Question 6

Transmission of zika

Answer 6

Mosquito bites, sex, mother to child, blood transfusions

Question 7

Outcome of zika

Answer 7

Microcephaly and Other Birth Defects

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Question 8

Hepatitis A Transmission

Answer 8

Person to person contact

Contaminated food or water

Question 9

Hepatitis A symptoms

Answer 9

No symptoms or 
Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Clay-colored bowel movements
Joint pain
Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin or eyes)

Question 10

Outcomes for hepatitis A patients

Answer 10

Liver failure and death are rare outcomes that are more common in individuals over the age of 50 and individual with other liver diseases.

Question 11

MERS CoV

Answer 11

Middle East Respiratory Syndrom-Coronavirus family

Question 12

MERS CoV requires what for transmission?

Answer 12

Requires close contact (caring or living with the infected)

Question 13

Who is at risk for MERS CoV?

Answer 13

Recent travelers from the Arabian peninisula
Close contact will ill travelor from the peninsula
Close contact with a confirmed case of MERS
Exposure to camels

Question 14

If suspect MERS CoV, what percautions to take?

Answer 14

If suspect:
Standard, Droplet, and Airborne precautions (N95)
Apply facemask to patient
Inform receiving facility, maintain distance
Receiving facilities: negative pressure rooms
Use caution with aerosol generating procedures

Question 15

Signs/Symptoms of MERS CoV

Answer 15

Spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to URI
Rapid progression to pneumonitis, resp failure, shock
Common:
Fever, chills/rigors, headache, non productive cough, myalgia, dyspnea
Sore throat, N/V/D
ICU patients: begin with febrile URI and progress to pneumonia in 1 week

Question 16

Viral hemorrhagic fevers

Answer 16

Filoviruses (Ebola, Marburg hemorrhagic fever)
Arenaviruses (Lassa fever, Luju, Machupo, Junin, Sabia)
Bunyaviruses (Rift valley fever, Crimean-Congon hemorrhagic fever)
Flaviviruses (dengue, yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, etc)

Question 17

How are viral hemorrhagic fevers transmitted?

Answer 17

Patient must be symptomatic to transmit
Body fluids including: vomit, diarrhea, sweat, spit, urine, blood, semen
Healthcare workers at greatest risk

Question 18

VHF presentation

Answer 18

Vary by disease
Abrupt onset of:
Fever, myalgias, weakness, headache
Coagulopathy, ecchymosis or overt bleeding (rare)
GI symptoms: N/V/D/abdominal pain
Shock, pulmonary edema, liver injury
Symptoms begin in 2-21 days
Fatal disease:
Early onset of severe sx.

Question 19

If suspect VHF, percautions to take

Answer 19

One provider approach/interact 3 feet apart
Don PPE (Gowns, face shield, N95/PAPR, 2 pairs of gloves)
Minimum: Standard/Contact/Droplet
Limit gear/supplies in contact with patient
Limit invasive procedures

Question 20

Transmission of SARS

Answer 20

Easily transmitted through respiratory droplets
No evidence of airborne spread at this time
Introduced through mucosal surfaces 🡪 Touching eyes, mouth or nose

Question 21

COVID 19 signs/symptoms

Answer 21

Loss of smell/taste
Fever
Cough
SOB
Sore throat
Body aches
GI symptoms

Question 22

Infectious disease

Answer 22

Illness caused by various organisms: bacteria protozoa, fungi, virus, parasites

Question 23

Route of transmission

Answer 23

Airborne
Direct
Indirect (common vehicle)
Vector

Question 24

Whooping cough

Answer 24

Pertusses

Question 25

Most common enteric virus

Answer 25

Norovirus

Question 26

How is norovirus contaminated

Answer 26

Close personal contact
Contaminated food
Touching contaminated surfaces
Aerosolized vomit

Question 27

As a medical provider, you need to be especially concerned about what kind of meningitis in terms of treatment and exposure?

Answer 27

Bacterial