Infectous Diseases Flashcards
Dengue Presentation
High fever with a least two of the following: severe headache, muscle pain, severe eye pain, joint pain, rash, mild bleeding manifestation and/or low white cell count
In dengue, as fever declines, warning signs that require immediate attention
Severe abdominal pain or persistant vomiting Red spots or patches on skin Bleeding from nose or gums Vomiting blood Black, tarry stools Drowsiness or irritability Pale, cold, clammy skin Difficulty breathing
What happens in dengue patients without proper support
Excessively leaky capillaries, escaped fluid component from vessels, acities and pleural effusions, circulatory system failure and shock, possible death
Protection of dengue
Combat vector mosquitos: dipose of waste, open containers, proper protective gear, insecticides
Zika common symptoms
Fever, rash, joint paint, conjunctivities
Other symptoms: muscle pain, headache
Transmission of zika
Mosquito bites, sex, mother to child, blood transfusions
Outcome of zika
Microcephaly and Other Birth Defects
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Hepatitis A Transmission
Person to person contact
Contaminated food or water
Hepatitis A symptoms
No symptoms or Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin or eyes)
Outcomes for hepatitis A patients
Liver failure and death are rare outcomes that are more common in individuals over the age of 50 and individual with other liver diseases.
MERS CoV
Middle East Respiratory Syndrom-Coronavirus family
MERS CoV requires what for transmission?
Requires close contact (caring or living with the infected)
Who is at risk for MERS CoV?
Recent travelers from the Arabian peninisula
Close contact will ill travelor from the peninsula
Close contact with a confirmed case of MERS
Exposure to camels
If suspect MERS CoV, what percautions to take?
If suspect:
Standard, Droplet, and Airborne precautions (N95)
Apply facemask to patient
Inform receiving facility, maintain distance
Receiving facilities: negative pressure rooms
Use caution with aerosol generating procedures
Signs/Symptoms of MERS CoV
Spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to URI
Rapid progression to pneumonitis, resp failure, shock
Common:
Fever, chills/rigors, headache, non productive cough, myalgia, dyspnea
Sore throat, N/V/D
ICU patients: begin with febrile URI and progress to pneumonia in 1 week
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
Filoviruses (Ebola, Marburg hemorrhagic fever)
Arenaviruses (Lassa fever, Luju, Machupo, Junin, Sabia)
Bunyaviruses (Rift valley fever, Crimean-Congon hemorrhagic fever)
Flaviviruses (dengue, yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, etc)
How are viral hemorrhagic fevers transmitted?
Patient must be symptomatic to transmit
Body fluids including: vomit, diarrhea, sweat, spit, urine, blood, semen
Healthcare workers at greatest risk
VHF presentation
Vary by disease Abrupt onset of: Fever, myalgias, weakness, headache Coagulopathy, ecchymosis or overt bleeding (rare) GI symptoms: N/V/D/abdominal pain Shock, pulmonary edema, liver injury Symptoms begin in 2-21 days Fatal disease: Early onset of severe sx.
If suspect VHF, percautions to take
One provider approach/interact 3 feet apart
Don PPE (Gowns, face shield, N95/PAPR, 2 pairs of gloves)
Minimum: Standard/Contact/Droplet
Limit gear/supplies in contact with patient
Limit invasive procedures
Transmission of SARS
Easily transmitted through respiratory droplets
No evidence of airborne spread at this time
Introduced through mucosal surfaces 🡪 Touching eyes, mouth or nose
COVID 19 signs/symptoms
Loss of smell/taste Fever Cough SOB Sore throat Body aches GI symptoms
Infectious disease
Illness caused by various organisms: bacteria protozoa, fungi, virus, parasites
Route of transmission
Airborne
Direct
Indirect (common vehicle)
Vector
Whooping cough
Pertusses
Most common enteric virus
Norovirus
How is norovirus contaminated
Close personal contact
Contaminated food
Touching contaminated surfaces
Aerosolized vomit
As a medical provider, you need to be especially concerned about what kind of meningitis in terms of treatment and exposure?
Bacterial
