Behavioral emergencies Flashcards
Behavior
What can be observed of a person’s response to the environment; his/her actions
Behavioral crisis
Any reaction to events that interferes with activities of daily living or becomes unacceptable to the patient, family or others
Mental disorder
Illness with psychological or behavioral symptoms that may result in an impairment in functioning
Behavioral emergencies causes:
Situational/interpersonal
Organic
Intrapsychic/functional disorder
Situational/interpersonal behavioral emergencies
Balance emotion, thought, action is disrrupted by stressor
Stressors include relatonships or situations
Organic emergencies
Dysfunction of brain caused by structural or metabolic circumstances
Hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypoperfusion, endocrine, EtOH, substance abuse
Trauma, stroke, Alzheimer’s, infection, tumor
Intrapsychic/functional disorder emergencies
No obvious structural or physiological change
My have correlation ot physiological events, but not conclusively causal
Schizophrenia, depression
Mental disorder
A substantional disorder of thought, mood, perception, orientation or memory which grossly impairs judgement, behavior or capacity to recongize reality or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life, but not include alcoholism or substance abuse which is defined under MGL 123.s.35
Mental disorders can affect:
Thought (rate of thought, content, language)
Mood
Perception (hallucinations)
Orientation and memory (immediate recall, short and long term memory, effected by trauma, stress, etc)
Most common type of hallucination
Auditory
Neurosis
Faulty; insufficient way of coping with anxiety or conflict
Restricted ability to achieve optimal functioning in social life
Psychosis
Maladaptive behavior involving major distortions in reality
Derangement or disorganization of personality, incapable of normal function
Anxiety
Persistant fearful or uneasy feeling not related consciously to reality
Withdrawel from activities to avoid episodes
Phobias
Panic attacks
Panic attacks include:
Hyperventilation, SOB, chocking Palpitations, chest pain, tachycardia Trembling, fainting, sweating Fear of losing control or dying Diarrhea, polyuria
Depression
Hopelessness, sadness
Isolation, worthless
Irritale, tense
Altered sleep, appetitie, libido
Causes of chronic depression
Complex, neurotransmitters, genetics, enivronment
What to always consider with depression?
Suicidal ideation
Mania
Excessive elation
Delusions of grandeur
Increased: talkativeness, libido, motor activity
Flight of ideas
Manic states: may begin gradually, usually precipitating factor results in abrupt change, may last weeks
Calm, reassuring approach
Bi-polar disorder
Volatile mood swings-may have associated psychosis
Caused by brain structure, genetics
Paranoia
Exaggerated/unwarrented mistrust: intense anxious/fearful feelings, persecution, threat, conspiracy frequently part of psychosis
Delusion
Delusion
Odd belief so firmly fixed that contrary evidence has no impact
Causation of paranoia
Breakdown in reasoning, assigned meanings
Repressed, denied projected feelings
Experience relationships, situational
Chronic episodes of paranoia indicates ___
Schizophrenia
Approach to paranoia
Calm, reassuring approach
Beware of becoming part of the delusion
Schizophrenia
Group of disorders
“lose touch with reality”
Onset of schizophrenia
Late adolesence, early adulthood
Causation of schizophrenia
Neurotransmitters in brain (Dopamine, serotonin, glutamate)
Prenatal, prebescent
Genetics-likehoold multiple genes
Environment-psychosocial, prenatal influences
Postive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Postive-psychotic behaviors-hallucinations, delusons, thought disorders, movement disorders
Negative-flat affect, decreased pleasure in life, difficulty sustaining or completing tasks
Cognitive-executive function, “waking memory”
Warning signs of suicide
Depression History of mental illness Avoidance: eye conact, suggestions for help, discussion of the future Precipitating factor Usually resigned or agitated Prior attemps Verbalization of intent Gender Well defined plan Increasing usage of alcohol, drugs
Force continuum
Command presence
Verbal commands
Focused direction
Physical restraint
