ACS continued Flashcards
Presentation for acute coronary syndrome:
Chest pain
Atypical presentation (epigastric/weakness)
Equivalence (syncope, dyspnea upon exertion, palpitations)
Causes of CHF
High blood pressure-chronic hypertension Smoking MI Age Valve issues Chronic renal failure?
Left sided heart failure
SOB (presetning complaint) Increased RR, WOB, HR VERY high BP Pale, cool, diaphoretic Pulmonary edema (due to hydrostatic pressure in capillary beds) Rales Cardiac wheezes (end expiratory) Peripheral edma Pink frothy sputum JVD (evolves quickly) Ascities Hypertrophy Decreased ejection fraction
Hypertropy
Heart muscle looks bigger because working really hard. Not always the most flexible muscle, not good stretch, leased to decreased ejection fraction
Right sided heart failure
SOB Pale/Cool Peripheral and pulmonary edma JVD Acities Will not have pulmonary edema (unless due to left sided failure) Increaed RR, HR BP-not very helpful
Number one cause of right sided heart failure
Left sided heart failure
Increased fluid that can compress the lung
Pleural effusion
Pleurisy-pleuritis
Due to inflammation, infection, neoplams, autoimmune
Increases the friction which causes pleural effusion
Causes of pleuritic chest pain
Pleural effusion Pulmonary embolism Pneumothorax Pneumonia Pericarditis Costochondritis
How can tell a person has a pneumothorax?
Unequal breath sounds
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the serous pericardium
What causes pericarditis?
Autoimmune disease (lupus), viral, idiopathetic
Signs and symptons of pericarditis?
Fever, increased pain when cough, increased pain upon supination, decreased pain when leaning forwrd, increased fluid due to friction
Percarditis can lead to a ____which can result in____
Pericardial effusion
Pericardial tamponde
S/S of pericardial tamponade
JVD, muffled heart sounds, narrowing pulse pressure
