Infectious Diseases_RR Flashcards
The three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)
Infection, cancer, autoimmune disease
Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis
Fever, pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough
A non-suppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of primary infection
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
The most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis
Viral URI
Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms
Encapsulated organisms-- Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella
The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnosis a UTI
10^5 bacteria/mL
Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?
Pregnant women.
Treat this group aggressively because of potential complications.
A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Coccidioidomycosis;
Amphotericin B
Non-painful chancre
Primary syphilis
A “blueberry muffin” rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?
Rubella
Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?
Group B strep, E. coli, Listeria;
Treat with gentamicin and ampicillin
Meningitis in infants. Causes? Treatment?
Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H. influenzae;
Treat with cefotaxime and vancomycin
What should always be done prior to a lumbar puncture?
Check for increased intracranial pressure;
Look for papilledema
What conditions are associated with the following CSF findings?
A) Low glucose, PMN predominance
B) Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
C) Numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples
D) Increased gamma globulins
A) Bacterial meningitis
B) Aseptic (viral) meningitis
C) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D) Multiple sclerosis
Initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Treatment?
Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with penicillin G or ciprofloxacin
Findings in tertiary syphilis
Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysms
Characteristics of secondary Lyme disease
Arthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis
Cold agglutinins
Mycoplasma
A 24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?
Candidal thrush.
Workup should include an HIV test.
Treat with nystatin oral suspension
At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV-positive patient?
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) prophylaxis?
≤ 200 for P. jiroveci (with TMP-SMX)
≤ 50-100 for MAI (with clarithromycin/azithromycin)
Risk factors for pyelonephritis
Pregnancy, vesicoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones
Neutropenic nadir post-chemotherapy
7-10 days
Erythema migrans
Lesion of primary Lyme disease
Classic physical findings for endocarditis
Fever, heart murmur, Osler’s nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth’s spots
