Gastrointestinal_RR Flashcards
A patient presents with sudden onset of severe, diffuse abdominal pain. Examination reveals peritoneal signs, and AXR reveals free air under the diaphragm. What is the best next step in management?
Emergent laparotomy to repair a perforated viscus
The most likely cause of acute lower GI bleed in patients >40 years of age.
Diverticulosis
Diagnostic modality used when ultrasound is equivocal for cholecystitis.
HIDA scan
Risk factors for cholelithiasis
Fat, Female, Fertile, Forty, Flatulent
Inspiratory arrest during palpation of the RUQ
Murphy’s sign, seen in acute cholecystitis
The most common cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients with no history of abdominal surgery.
Hernia
The most common cause of small bowel obstruction in patients with a history of abdominal surgery.
Adhesions
What is the most common organism to cause diarrhea?
Campylobacter
What organism causes diarrhea in patients with recent antibiotic use?
Clostridium difficile
What organism causes diarrhea in patients with recent history of camping?
Giardia
What organism causes traveler’s diarrhea?
ETEC
What organism causes diarrhea in patients who have recently attended a Church picnic, where they may have consumed mayo?
S. aureus
What organism causes diarrhea in patients who have recently consumed uncooked hamburgers?
E. coli O157:H7
What organism causes diarrhea in patients who have recently eaten (re-heated) fried rice?
Bacillus cereus
What organism is most likely to cause diarrhea in patients who have eaten raw poultry and/or eggs?
Salmonella
What organism causes diarrhea in patients who have recently eaten raw seafood?
Vibrio, HAV
What organisms cause diarrhea in patients with AIDS?
Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
What organism causes diarrhea in patients with pseudoappendicitis?
Yersinia
A 25-year-old Jewish man presents with pain and watery diarrhea after meals. Examination shows fistulas between the bowel and skin, and nodular lesions on his tibias. What is the diagnosis?
Crohn’s disease
An inflammatory disease of the colon that is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer
Ulcerative colitis (greater risk than Crohn’s)
Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
Uveitis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Erythema Nodosum, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
5-ASA agents and steroids during acute exacerbations
Difference between Mallory-Weiss and Boerhaave tears
Mallory-Weiss: Superficial tear in the esophageal mucosa;
Boerhaave: Full-thickness esophageal rupture
Charcot’s Triad.
What condition is this associated with?
RUQ pain, Jaundice, Fever/chills
Signs of Ascending Cholangitis
