Endocrinology_RR Flashcards
The most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
High TSH
Low T4
anti-TPO antibodies
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, low TSH
Graves’ Disease
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration
The second common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Cushing’s disease
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.
Hypoparathyroidism
“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria.
Examination reveals hypertension and tetany.
Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in blood pressure, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma: alpha- or beta-antagonists?
Alpha-antagonists (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Treatment of central diabetes insipidus
Administration of DDAVP and free-water restriction
A post-operative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.
Syndrome of Inappropropriate ADH (SIADH) due to stress
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation.
Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
Treatment?
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)
Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
Goal HbA1c for a patient with diabetes mellitus
< 7.0
Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, and electrolyte repletion (i.e. K+)
Why are beta-blockers contraindicated in diabetics?
They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
