Endocrinology_RR Flashcards
The most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
High TSH
Low T4
anti-TPO antibodies
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, low TSH
Graves’ Disease
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration
The second common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Cushing’s disease
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.
Hypoparathyroidism
“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria.
Examination reveals hypertension and tetany.
Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in blood pressure, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma: alpha- or beta-antagonists?
Alpha-antagonists (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Treatment of central diabetes insipidus
Administration of DDAVP and free-water restriction
A post-operative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.
Syndrome of Inappropropriate ADH (SIADH) due to stress
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation.
Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
Treatment?
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)
Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
