Gynecology_RR Flashcards
The first test to perform when a woman presents with amenorrhea
Beta-hCG; the most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy
Term for heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods
Menometrorrhagia
Cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, and a history of D&C
Asherman’s Syndrome
Therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome
Weight loss and oral contraceptives.
Consider metformin
Medication used to induce ovulation
Clomiphene citrate
Diagnostic step required in a post-menopausal women who presents with vaginal bleeding
Endometrial biopsy
Indications for medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy
Patient stable; un-ruptured ectopic pregnancy of gestation
Medical options for endometriosis
Oral contraceptives, danazol, GnRH agonists
Laparoscopic findings in endometriosis
Powder burns, “chocolate cysts”
The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy
Ampulla of the oviduct
How to diagnose and follow a leiomyoma
Ultrasound
Natural history of a leiomyoma
Regresses after menopause
A patient has increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in the upper vagina and cervix
Trichomonal vaginitis
Treatment for bacterial vaginosis
Oral or topical metronidazole
The most common cause of bloody nipple discharge
Intraductal papilloma
Contraceptive methods that protect agains Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
OCPs and barrier contraception
Unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers?
Endometrial or estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
A patient presents with recent PID with RUQ pain.
Consider Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Breast malignancy presenting as itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple
Paget’s disease
Annual screening for women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer
CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound
A 50-year-old woman leaks urine when laughing or coughing. Non-surgical options?
Kegel exercises, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence
A 30-year-old woman has unpredictable urine loss. Examination is normal. Medical options?
Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or beta-adrenergics (metaproterenol) for urge incontinence
Lab values suggestive of menopause
Increased serum FSH
The most common cause of female infertility
Endometriosis
Two consecutive findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on Pap smear. Follow-up evaluation?
Colposcopy and endocervical curettage
Breast cancer type that increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts.
Lobular carcinoma in situ
