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Step 2 CK_Rapid Review > Hematology/Oncology_RR > Flashcards

Hematology/Oncology_RR Flashcards

1
Q

Four causes of microcytic anemia

A 
"TICS"
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency
anemia of Chronic disease
Sideroblastic anemia
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2
Q

An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Which diagnostic tests should be ordered?

A

Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy

Suspect colorectal cancer

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3
Q

Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency

A

Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans

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4
Q

The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

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5
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand’s disease

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6
Q

The most common inherited hemolytic anemia

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

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7
Q

Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

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8
Q

Pure red blood cell aplasia

A

Diamond-Blackfan anemia

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9
Q

Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, café au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia

A

Fanconi’s anemia

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10
Q

Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus

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11
Q

How to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia

A

Both have increased hematocrit and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 saturation and low EPO levels

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12
Q

What is the pentad for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

A 
"FAT RN"
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal dysfunction
Neurologic abnormalities
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13
Q

What is the triad for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A

Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Acute renal failure

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14
Q

Treatment for TTP?

A

Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs.
(Platelet transfusion is contraindicated.)

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15
Q

Treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children.

A

Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids

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16
Q 
Which of the following is/are increased in DIC?
Fibrin split products,
D-Dimer,
Fibrinogen,
Platelets,
Hematocrit
A

Fibrin split products and d-dimer are elevated.

Platelets, fibrinogen, and hematocrit are decreased.

17
Q

An 8-year-old boy presents with hemarthrosis and an increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A 
Hemophilia A or B
Consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements
18
Q

A 14-year-old girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

von Willebrand’s disease

Treat with desmopressin, fresh frozen plasma, or cryoprecipitate

19
Q

A 60-year-old African American man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?

A

Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence-Jones proteinuria, “punched-out” lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones

20
Q

In which condition are Reed-Sternberg cells seen?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

21
Q

A 10-year-old boy presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

22
Q

Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and ferritin, and increased TIBC?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

23
Q

Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and TIBC, and normal or elevated ferritin?

A

Anemia of chronic disease

24
Q

An 80-year-old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

25
Q

What is the lymphoma equivalent of CLL?

A

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

26
Q

A late, life-threatening complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

A

Blast crisis

Fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia

27
Q

Auer rods on blood smear

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

28
Q

Which AML subtype is associated with DIC. Treatment?

A

AML M3 or APL.

Retinoic acid

29
Q

Electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome

A

Increased: Potassium, Phosphate, Uric Acid
Decreased: Calcium

30
Q

A 50-year-old man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22). Diagnosis?

A

CML

31
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

Intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6pd deficiency, and postsplenectomy

32
Q

Virus associated with aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell anemia

A

Parvovirus B19

33
Q

A 25-year-old African American man with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. Management of pain crisis?

A

O2, analgesia, hydration, and, if severe, transfusion

34
Q

A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?

A

Iron overload

Use deferoxamine

Step 2 CK_Rapid Review (25 decks)

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