Hematology/Oncology_RR Flashcards
Four causes of microcytic anemia
"TICS" Thalassemia Iron deficiency anemia of Chronic disease Sideroblastic anemia
An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Which diagnostic tests should be ordered?
Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy
Suspect colorectal cancer
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency
Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans
The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
Factor V Leiden mutation
The most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand’s disease
The most common inherited hemolytic anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis
Osmotic fragility test
Pure red blood cell aplasia
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, café au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia
Fanconi’s anemia
Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus
How to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia
Both have increased hematocrit and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 saturation and low EPO levels
What is the pentad for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
"FAT RN" Fever Anemia Thrombocytopenia Renal dysfunction Neurologic abnormalities
What is the triad for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Acute renal failure
Treatment for TTP?
Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs.
(Platelet transfusion is contraindicated.)
Treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children.
Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids
Which of the following is/are increased in DIC? Fibrin split products, D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, Platelets, Hematocrit
Fibrin split products and d-dimer are elevated.
Platelets, fibrinogen, and hematocrit are decreased.
An 8-year-old boy presents with hemarthrosis and an increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Hemophilia A or B Consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements
A 14-year-old girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?
von Willebrand’s disease
Treat with desmopressin, fresh frozen plasma, or cryoprecipitate
A 60-year-old African American man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?
Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence-Jones proteinuria, “punched-out” lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones
In which condition are Reed-Sternberg cells seen?
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
A 10-year-old boy presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and ferritin, and increased TIBC?
Iron deficiency anemia
Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron and TIBC, and normal or elevated ferritin?
Anemia of chronic disease
An 80-year-old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
