Infectious Diseases of Skin and MSK - VIRUSES Flashcards
1
Q
Viral infections of these are often acute, occurring concurrently with signs and symptoms of febrile systemic illness and resolves along with other manifestations of illness
A
Joint and bone
2
Q
Viruses may cause arthritis directly by infecting this
A
Synovium
3
Q
Viruses may cause arthritis indirectly through this
A
Host immune-mediated responses
4
Q
Measles is this type of virus
A
Rubeola virus - a paramyxovirus
5
Q
Measles virus has this type of genome
A
-ssRNA
6
Q
Measles envelope contains these 2 proteins
A
Fusion protein (F) and Hemagglutinin (H)
(no neuraminidase)
7
Q
How many serotypes of Measles are there?
A
1
(strict human pathogen with a single serotype)
8
Q
Ulcerated mucosal lesions marked by necrosis, neutrophilic exudate, and neurovascularization seen in Measles
Characterized as clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa (opposite the lower 1st and 2nd molars)
Often described as appearing like “grains of salt on a reddish background”
A
Koplik spots
9
Q
A chronic degenerative fatal neurologic disease that occurs on average 7 years after an attack of measles, particularly in children who had measles before 2 years of age
A
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
10
Q
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic degenerative fatal neurologic disease that occurs ~7 years after an attack of this
A
Measles
11
Q
What is responsible for the rash seen in Measles?
A
CMI attacking infected endothelial cells
12
Q
CMI attacking infected endothelial cells is responsible for this symptom seen in Measles
A
Rash
13
Q
What is the route of transmission of Measles?
A
Respiratory droplets, highly contagious
14
Q
Incubation period of Measles
A
9-11 days
(standard)
15
Q
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is used in the diagnosis of this
A
Measles
16
Q
Condition with cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik’s spots (2-3 days after symptoms begin), and a maculopapular rash beginning on the face (3-5 days after symptoms begin)
A
Measles
17
Q
The measles vaccine is this type
A
Live attenuated
18
Q
This virus does not readily cause detectable cytopathologic effects
URT infection spreads to lymph nodes leading to viremia which in turn leads to the rash
A
Rubella virus
19
Q
Primary manifestation of this virus includes rash, fever, and lymphadenopathy
Rash begins on the face, spreading to the abdomen and extremities
A
Rubella
20
Q
Do children or adults have a milder disease with rubella?
A
Children
21
Q
In Rubella, the appearance of this correlates with appearance of rash (type III)
A
Antibodies
22
Q
Appearance of Ab correlates with appearance of rash (type III) with this virus
A
Rubella
23
Q
Virus that replicates in the URT leading to viremia and spread to bone marrow
Infection is cytotoxic
A
Parvovirus B19
24
Q
Virus that is dependent on mitotically active cells for replication
Viral replication requires factors only available during the S phase and cellular DNA polymerase are required to generate the complement strand
A
Parvovirus B19
25
Parvovirus is dependent on these cells for replication
Mitotically active
26
Main target cells of this virus are mitotically active erythroid progenitors and CD36-positive erythroblasts
Parvovirus B19
27
Usually benign and self-limiting infection that results in lifelong immunity and requires no treatment other than symptomatic relief
In patients with hematologic disease or persistent infection, specific treatment may be necessary
Parvovirus B19
28
This virus can cause aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia, sickle cell
Parvovirus B19
29
Intrauterine infection with this virus leads to abortion due to anemia and congestive heart failure (hydrops fetalis)
Parvovirus B19
30
Viral protein of HPV that prevents the acidification of endosomes
Stimulates the transforming activity of the EGF receptor
E5
31
Viral protein of HPV that binds to p53 accelerating its degradation
E6
32
Viral protein of HPV that binds to and inactivates retinoblastoma protein
E7
33
The viral HPV E6 protein binds to this and accelerates its degradation
p53
34
Types of HPV that can cause laryngeal papilloma
types 6 and 11
35
HPV types 6 and 11 can cause this cancer
Laryngeal papilloma
36
2 main HPV types that can cause cervical dysplasia and neoplasia
types 16 and 18
37
This virus has low Ag expression until the skin cell reaches terminal differentiation
HPV
38
Enlarged keratinocytes with clear haloes around shrunken nuclei that are seen in HPV infection
Koilocytes
39
Koilocytes (enlarged keratinocytes with clear haloes around shrunken nuclei) are seen in this viral infection
HPV
40
HPV types that will linearize and integrate into the host genome, leading to an unregulated increase in expression of E6 and E7
Types 16 and 18
41
HPV vaccine is this type
Multivalent
42
Are there therapies available to eradicate HPV infection?
No
Current treatments are designed to decrease or eliminate clinical manifestations
43
This type of virus has tegument with enzymes to initiate replication
Herpesviruses
44
This virus' genome exists in a circle, and episomal form during latency
Herpesviruses
45
Type of herpes virus that is only transmitted when patients have varicella or zoster
VZV
46
Lytic replication of this virus causes characteristic inclusions in tissues
Herpes
47
2 types of herpesviruses that cause both intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
CMV and HHV-6
48
2 types of herpesviruses that result in only intranuclear inclusions
HSV and VZV
49
Type of herpesvirus with lytic infection in mucoepithelial cells and fibroblasts
Latent infection in neurons
Multiple glycoproteins for attachment and fusion
Herpes simplex virus-1,2
50
Gingivostomatitis and pharyngitis are the most frequent clinical manifestations of first-episode infection with this virus
HSV-1
51
Virus that causes clear lesions on an erythematous base (dewdrop on a rose petal)
Painful but benign vesicular lesions
Oral herpes (HSV-1)
52
First episode infection with this is associated with prolonged duration of symptoms, lesions (10-12 days), and viral shedding
Genital herpes
53
Reactivation of this virus seems to trigger a transient down-regulation of virus-specific T cells and a shift to Th2 response
HSV
54
HSV reactivation seems to trigger a transient down-regulation of HSV-specific T cells and a shift to this type of response
Th2
55
Are first episodes or recurrent herpes usually localized to a defined mucocutaneous site?
recurrent
56
Are first episodes or recurrent herpes more mild with shorter duration?
Recurrent
57
HSV-1,2 escape immunity by blocking these 2 molecules
Block IFN action
Block TAP proteins
58
Genital herpes is caused by this virus
HSV-1
59
Wright, Giemsa (Tzanck preparation), or Papanicolaou stain are used for this virus
HSV
60
CPE of this virus includes syncytia, Cowdry type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusions, cell rounding, chromatin margination, enlarged peripheral displaced nucleolus
HSV
61
This drug is the treatment for mucocutaneous and visceral HSV infections
Acyclovir (and related compounds famciclovir, valacyclovir)
62
A cropping rash is seen in infection with this virus
Varicella-zoster (chickenpox)
63
In VZV reactivation, the virus is released along the entirety of this
Dermatome
64
This limits the systemic spread of VZV
Antibody
65
Generally the onset of disease with this virus is heralded by pain within the dermatome that precedes the lesions by 48-72 hours
Involves chronic debilitating pain
VZV
66
VZV evasion mechanisms mainly involve inhibiting or blocking this molecule
MHC-1
67
VZV latency develops in several types of this cell
Sensory neuronal cells
68
CPE of this virus includes giant cell formation and characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies
VZV
69
For this virus, hygiene is important to avoid secondary bacterial infection associated with scratching of the pruritic skin lesions
VZV
70
This drug should be used to reduce fever in patients with chickenpox because of the association between aspirin and Reye’s syndrome
Acetaminophen
71
The Oka strain is a live attenuated vaccine for this virus
VZV
72
Two viruses that can cause exanthema subitum (or roseola infantum)
HHV-6 and 7
73
This virus is the major etiologic agent of rosela
HHV-6B
74
Virus that causes rapid onset high fever (>39.5 C) of a few days duration followed by a generalized rash (macular or maculopapular rash that begins on the neck of the trunk, spreads to the extremities) lasting 1-3 days
HHV-6 and 7
75
Virus that is a commensal inhabitant of the CNS
Characterized by intranuclear inclusions, followed by cell death
HHV-6
76
HHV-6 is a commensal inhabitant of this
CNS
77
Virus that has been detected in breast milk and establishes latency in CD4 T cells
HHV-7
78
HHV-7 establishes latency in these cells
CD4
79
Kaposi sarcoma is caused by this virus
HHV-8
80
In Kaposi sarcoma, HHV-8 infects these cells
Endothelial cells that line blood and lymphatic vessels
Persists mostly in latent form
81
Virus that infects endothelial cells that line blood and lymphatic vessels
Persists mostly in latent form
HHV-8
82
This is a vesicular ulcerated lesion around the soft palate and uvula, less typical on the hard palate
Self limiting
Treated with symptoms management
Usually seen in children younger than 10
Herpangina
83
Hand foot and mouth disease is a vesicular exanthema usually caused by this virus
Coxsackie A16
84
Coxsackie A16 causes a vesicular exanthema, associated with this disease
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
85
Vesicular lesions of hand foot and mouth disease superficially resemble those caused by either of these 2 viruses
HSV or VZV
86
Guarnieri inclusion bodies are seen in this condition
Smallpox
87
CPE of this virus includes rounded cells and fused cells
Smallpox
88
Lesions from this virus are generally restricted to the hands and face in most patients
Cowpox
89
Skin lesions pass through macular, papular, vesicular, and pustular stages before forming a hard black crust are characteristic of this virus
Cowpox
90
Lesions from Cowpox are restricted to these 2 locations in most patients
Hands and face
91
This virus replication in the local tissue and lymph nodes, results in a primary viremia that disseminates it to the mononuclear phagocyte system and other sites
Arboviruses
92
Arboviruses are disseminated to these cells
Mononuclear phagocyte system
93
Virus with this triad of symptoms: abrupt-onset febrile illness, severe and often debilitating (poly)arthralgias, and a rash
Chikungunya virus
94
Chikungunya virus has this characteristic triad of symptoms
Abrupt-onset febrile illness
Severe and often debilitating poly(arthralgias)
Rash
95
Rash from Rubella virus starts here
Begins on the face
Spreads to the abdomen and extremities
96
Incubation period of Rubella virus
14-21 days
97
Is treatment needed for Rubella virus?
Not really
98
Is treatment needed for Parvovirus B19?
No, just for symptomatic relief
99
Fetus can show signs of ascites when infected with this virus
Parvovirus B19
100
Incubation period of HPV
Weeks to months
101
Virus that promotes the outgrowth of the basal layer, increasing the number of prickle cells of the stratum spinosum (acanthosis)
HPV
102
Virus that causes the skin to thicken and promotes the production of keratin (hyperkeratosis), causing epithelial spikes to form
HPV
103
Spontaneous regression of this virus occurs in months to years due to CMI response
HPV
104
Family of viruses with 3 subfamilies
Mainly mucocutaneous infections
Herpesviruses
105
Subfamily of herpesvirus with short growth cycle, infect epithelial cells and latency in neurons
Alphaherpesviridae
106
Subfamily of herpesvirus with latent infection mainly in lymphocytes
Gammaherpesviridae
107
Subfamily of herpesvirus with long growth cycle, infection and latency in a variety of cell types
Betaherpesviridae
108
Large enveloped viruses with linear dsDNA
Herpesviruses
109
The primary treatment for herpesviruses targets this
viral DNA pol
110
HSV-1,2 have latent infection in these cells
Neurons
111
Incubation period of HSV-1,2
1-26 days -- Median 6-8
112
Syncytia are a single cell containing several nuclei, formed by fusion of cells or by division of nuclei, and are seen in infection with this virus
HSV-1,2
113
Cowdry type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusions are small pink deposits with a clear halo, and are seen in infection with this virus
HSV-1,2
114
Rounded cells may be seen histologically with either of these 2 viruses
HSV-1,2
Smallpox (Variola)
115
Chromatin margination and enlarged peripheral displaced nucleolus are seen histologically in infection with this virus
HSV-1,2
116
Painful infection of the finger or thumb caused by HSV
Abrupt onset of edema, erythema, and localized tenderness of the infected finger
Occupational hazard for nurses and dental hygienists
Herpetic Whitlow
117
Benign vesicular lesions that appear clear on an erythematous base, like dewdrop on a rose petal, are seen in this condition
Oral herpes (HSV-1)
118
Does reactivation of HSV trigger anterograde or retrograde transport to innervated epithelium?
Anterograde
119
Lesions on the scalp distinguish this virus from other rashes
(centrifugal spread from torso to head and extremities)
Varicella-Zoster (chickenpox)
120
Infection in adults with this virus is more serious and includes interstitial pneumonia and encephalitis
Varicella-Zoster (chickenpox)
121
Incubation period of VZV (shingles)
10-21 days
122
Total duration of disease with VZV (shingles)
10-15 days
123
HHV-6 and 7 are present ubiquitously and can cause this condition that causes a high fever followed by a rash in children
Exanthema subitum
(aka rosela infantum)
124
Most adults are seropositive for this virus that is a commensal inhabitant of the CNS
HHV-6
125
Family of viruses with many types that produce vesicular lesions
Coxsackie A
126
Pox viruses belong to this viral family
Orthopoxviruses
127
Type of viruses that carries its own polymerases and replicates in the cytoplasm
Poxviruses
128
Do Poxviruses enter into the host cell nucleus?
No
Replicate in the cytoplasm
129
Guarnieri inclusion bodies are eosinophilic blobs found in infections with this virus
Smallpox (Variola)
130
Virus that causes smallpox
Variola
131
Poxvirus that causes a wart-like lesions rather than systemic lytic infection
Molluscum contagiosum
132
Papules that become pearl-like, umbilicated nodules with a central caseous plug that can be readily expression are diagnostic of this virus
Molluscum contagiosum
133
Chikungunya virus is transmitted by this
Aedes mosquitoes
