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Skin & MSK > Infectious Diseases of Skin and MSK - Fungi and Parasites > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases of Skin and MSK - Fungi and Parasites Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of fungal infection that begins in cornified (horny) layer of skin and spreads outward
Often called ringworm or tineas

A

Cutaneous

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2
Q

Fungal species that causes White piedra
Affects the hairs of the groin and axillae

A

Trichosporon

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3
Q

Does Trichosporon cause White or Black piedra?

A

White

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4
Q

Trichosporon species causes this condition that affects the hairs of the groin and axillae

A

White Piedra

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5
Q

Fungal species that causes Black piedra
Affects the hair of the scalp

A

Piedraia hortae

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6
Q

Piedraia hortae causes this condition that affects the hair of the scalp

A

Black piedra

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7
Q

Does Piedraia hortae cause White or Black Piedra?

A

Black piedra

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8
Q

Lipophilic yeast that is part of the normal flora

A

Malassezia furfur

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9
Q

Fungus that has histological spaghetti and meatballs appearance

A

Malassezia furfur

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Malassezia furfur?

A

Ketoconazole

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11
Q

Black fungus that causes tinea nigra
Appears dematiaceous and frequently branched with septate hyphae
Found in tropical and subtropical regions

A

Hortaea werneckii

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12
Q

Hortaea werneckii causes this condition

A

Tinea nigra

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13
Q

Typical lesion of these is an annular or serpentine scaling patch with raised margin

A

Dermatophytes

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14
Q

Dermatophyte infection of nails

A

Onychomycosis

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15
Q

Dermatophytes (ringworm) should be cultured on this agar

A

Sabouraud’s agar

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16
Q

These can be observed with a “woods lamp” (a UV light)

A

Dermatophytes

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17
Q

What is the treatment for dermatophytes (ringworm)?

A

Topical keratolytic agents with terbinafine

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18
Q

What is the treatment for Candida albicans?

A

Miconazole

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19
Q

Thermally dimorphic fungus
Nodular and ulcerative lesions at the site of inoculation
Spreads along the draining lymphatics
1 week to 6 months post inoculation secondary nodules appear along the lymph tract

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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20
Q

What is the treatment for Sporothrix schenckii?

A

Itraconazole (or fluconazole)

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21
Q

Chronic infection with melanized fungi
Is disfiguring

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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22
Q

What is the treatment for Chromoblastomycosis?

A

Itraconazole

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23
Q

Condition referred to as “kala-azar”, has liver and spleen involvement

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

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24
Q

Leishmaniasis invades this type of cells

A

Mononuclear phagocyte system cells (macrophages)

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25
What is the natural reservoir of Leishmaniasis?
Rodents and small animals
26
Leishmaniasis is transmitted by this
Sand fly bite
27
Parasite that causes insidious progression, and papules become pruritic and may persist for years Lesions are scarring
Leishmaniasis
28
This is a late complication of cutaneous Leishmaniasis that affects the upper respiratory passages
Espunda
29
Espundia is a late complication of cutaneous infection with this parasite
Leishmaniasis
30
Treatment options for this parasite are fairly toxic and includes sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B, pentamidine, paromomycin
Leishmaniasis
31
Nematode that lives in the intestines of dogs and cats In the skin they cause a creeping lesion called cutaneous larval migrans Induces bleeding, eosinophilic granulomas, and necrosis
Toxocara
32
Where does Toxocara live?
Intestines of dogs and cats
33
This parasite causes a creeping lesion called cutaneous larval migrans
Toxocara
34
This parasite induces bleeding, eosinophilic granulomas, and necrosis
Toxocara
35
Parasite that is a dog and cat hookworm
Ancylostoma braziliense
36
Parasite where filariform larvae penetrate the skin but cannot develop further, causing cutaneous larval migrans (also called ground itch and creeping eruption) Larvae wander, creating serpentine tunnels
Ancylostoma braziliense
37
This is the treatment for Ancylostoma braziliense
Albendazole (or ivermectin)
38
Parasitic nematode that causes Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis
39
Parasite that lives in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum
Trichinella spiralis
40
Where does Trichinella spiralis live?
Mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum
41
Parasite that is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated meats, particularly pork
Trichinella spiralis
42
Parasite that exists in a larvae form within nurse cells
Trichinella spiralis
43
Humans are dead end hosts for this parasite Larvae will die and calcify
Trichinella spiralis
44
Initial symptoms of this parasite consist of nonspecific abdominal and flu-like complaints
Trichinella spiralis
45
Parasite that causes influenza-like symptoms, periorbital edema, and "splinter" hemorrhages beneath the nails
Trichinella spiralis
46
Treatment of Trichinella spiralis during the GI phase consists of this drug
Albendazole
47
Tissue invading parasite that causes dracontiasis
Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
48
Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm) requires this environment
Freshwater
49
Infection with this parasite forms an ulcer and releases larvae when exposed to water Typically a burning blister appears suddenly, which feels better when immersed in water
Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
50
Cestode that is a pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
51
Cysticercosis is caused by this parasite
Taenia solium
52
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Transmitted by ingestion of infected meat from pigs or wild game
Trichinosis
53
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Transmitted by fecal-oral from someone infected
Cysticercosis
54
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Found worldwide
Trichinosis
55
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Found mainly in Mexico, central and south America, Philippines, southeast Asia
Cysticercosis
56
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Flue-like symptoms and periorbital swelling
Trichinosis
57
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Nurse cells develop 2-4 weeks after ingestion of infected meat Can remain viable for decades before calcifying
Trichinosis
58
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Minimal symptoms restricted to skeletal muscle
Cysticercosis
59
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: Cysts develop 3-4 months after ingestion of eggs and remain viable for up to 5 years before calcifying
Cysticercosis
60
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: x-ray unlikely to show calcifications for decades
Trichinosis
61
Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis: x-ray shows cigar-shaped cysts found while looking for something else
Cysticercosis
62
Fleas or lice: live off, leap on to feed
Fleas
63
Fleas or lice: Live on, may rub off
Lice
64
Pubic lice is caused by this species
Pediculosis pubis
65
Treatment for pubic lice
Permethrin 1% cream
66
Vector for Lyme disease and Babesia
Ixodes (hard tick)
67
Genus within Ixodes that is the vector for RMSF
Dermacentor (hard tick)
68
Vector for relapsing fever
Ornithodoros (soft tick)
69
Human itch mite species that causes scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis
70
Condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis that involves intense itching and pimple-like skin rash
Scabies
71
Treatment for Scabies
Permethrin 5% cream

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