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Skin & MSK > Infectious Diseases of Skin and MSK - Fungi and Parasites > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases of Skin and MSK - Fungi and Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Type of fungal infection that begins in cornified (horny) layer of skin and spreads outward
Often called ringworm or tineas

A

Cutaneous

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2
Q

Fungal species that causes White piedra
Affects the hairs of the groin and axillae

A

Trichosporon

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3
Q

Does Trichosporon cause White or Black piedra?

A

White

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4
Q

Trichosporon species causes this condition that affects the hairs of the groin and axillae

A

White Piedra

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5
Q

Fungal species that causes Black piedra
Affects the hair of the scalp

A

Piedraia hortae

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6
Q

Piedraia hortae causes this condition that affects the hair of the scalp

A

Black piedra

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7
Q

Does Piedraia hortae cause White or Black Piedra?

A

Black piedra

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8
Q

Lipophilic yeast that is part of the normal flora

A

Malassezia furfur

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9
Q

Fungus that has histological spaghetti and meatballs appearance

A

Malassezia furfur

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Malassezia furfur?

A

Ketoconazole

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11
Q

Black fungus that causes tinea nigra
Appears dematiaceous and frequently branched with septate hyphae
Found in tropical and subtropical regions

A

Hortaea werneckii

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12
Q

Hortaea werneckii causes this condition

A

Tinea nigra

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13
Q

Typical lesion of these is an annular or serpentine scaling patch with raised margin

A

Dermatophytes

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14
Q

Dermatophyte infection of nails

A

Onychomycosis

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15
Q

Dermatophytes (ringworm) should be cultured on this agar

A

Sabouraud’s agar

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16
Q

These can be observed with a “woods lamp” (a UV light)

A

Dermatophytes

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17
Q

What is the treatment for dermatophytes (ringworm)?

A

Topical keratolytic agents with terbinafine

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18
Q

What is the treatment for Candida albicans?

A

Miconazole

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19
Q

Thermally dimorphic fungus
Nodular and ulcerative lesions at the site of inoculation
Spreads along the draining lymphatics
1 week to 6 months post inoculation secondary nodules appear along the lymph tract

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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20
Q

What is the treatment for Sporothrix schenckii?

A

Itraconazole (or fluconazole)

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21
Q

Chronic infection with melanized fungi
Is disfiguring

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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22
Q

What is the treatment for Chromoblastomycosis?

A

Itraconazole

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23
Q

Condition referred to as “kala-azar”, has liver and spleen involvement

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

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24
Q

Leishmaniasis invades this type of cells

A

Mononuclear phagocyte system cells (macrophages)

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25
Q

What is the natural reservoir of Leishmaniasis?

A

Rodents and small animals

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26
Q

Leishmaniasis is transmitted by this

A

Sand fly bite

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27
Q

Parasite that causes insidious progression, and papules become pruritic and may persist for years
Lesions are scarring

A

Leishmaniasis

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28
Q

This is a late complication of cutaneous Leishmaniasis that affects the upper respiratory passages

A

Espunda

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29
Q

Espundia is a late complication of cutaneous infection with this parasite

A

Leishmaniasis

30
Q

Treatment options for this parasite are fairly toxic and includes sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B, pentamidine, paromomycin

A

Leishmaniasis

31
Q

Nematode that lives in the intestines of dogs and cats
In the skin they cause a creeping lesion called cutaneous larval migrans
Induces bleeding, eosinophilic granulomas, and necrosis

32
Q

Where does Toxocara live?

A

Intestines of dogs and cats

33
Q

This parasite causes a creeping lesion called cutaneous larval migrans

34
Q

This parasite induces bleeding, eosinophilic granulomas, and necrosis

35
Q

Parasite that is a dog and cat hookworm

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

36
Q

Parasite where filariform larvae penetrate the skin but cannot develop further, causing cutaneous larval migrans (also called ground itch and creeping eruption)
Larvae wander, creating serpentine tunnels

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

37
Q

This is the treatment for Ancylostoma braziliense

A

Albendazole (or ivermectin)

38
Q

Parasitic nematode that causes Trichinosis

A

Trichinella spiralis

39
Q

Parasite that lives in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum

A

Trichinella spiralis

40
Q

Where does Trichinella spiralis live?

A

Mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum

41
Q

Parasite that is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated meats, particularly pork

A

Trichinella spiralis

42
Q

Parasite that exists in a larvae form within nurse cells

A

Trichinella spiralis

43
Q

Humans are dead end hosts for this parasite
Larvae will die and calcify

A

Trichinella spiralis

44
Q

Initial symptoms of this parasite consist of nonspecific abdominal and flu-like complaints

A

Trichinella spiralis

45
Q

Parasite that causes influenza-like symptoms, periorbital edema, and “splinter” hemorrhages beneath the nails

A

Trichinella spiralis

46
Q

Treatment of Trichinella spiralis during the GI phase consists of this drug

A

Albendazole

47
Q

Tissue invading parasite that causes dracontiasis

A

Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)

48
Q

Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm) requires this environment

A

Freshwater

49
Q

Infection with this parasite forms an ulcer and releases larvae when exposed to water
Typically a burning blister appears suddenly, which feels better when immersed in water

A

Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)

50
Q

Cestode that is a pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

51
Q

Cysticercosis is caused by this parasite

A

Taenia solium

52
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Transmitted by ingestion of infected meat from pigs or wild game

A

Trichinosis

53
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Transmitted by fecal-oral from someone infected

A

Cysticercosis

54
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Found worldwide

A

Trichinosis

55
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Found mainly in Mexico, central and south America, Philippines, southeast Asia

A

Cysticercosis

56
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Flue-like symptoms and periorbital swelling

A

Trichinosis

57
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Nurse cells develop 2-4 weeks after ingestion of infected meat
Can remain viable for decades before calcifying

A

Trichinosis

58
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Minimal symptoms restricted to skeletal muscle

A

Cysticercosis

59
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
Cysts develop 3-4 months after ingestion of eggs and remain viable for up to 5 years before calcifying

A

Cysticercosis

60
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
x-ray unlikely to show calcifications for decades

A

Trichinosis

61
Q

Does this describe Trichinosis or Cysticercosis:
x-ray shows cigar-shaped cysts found while looking for something else

A

Cysticercosis

62
Q

Fleas or lice: live off, leap on to feed

63
Q

Fleas or lice: Live on, may rub off

64
Q

Pubic lice is caused by this species

A

Pediculosis pubis

65
Q

Treatment for pubic lice

A

Permethrin 1% cream

66
Q

Vector for Lyme disease and Babesia

A

Ixodes (hard tick)

67
Q

Genus within Ixodes that is the vector for RMSF

A

Dermacentor (hard tick)

68
Q

Vector for relapsing fever

A

Ornithodoros (soft tick)

69
Q

Human itch mite species that causes scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis

70
Q

Condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis that involves intense itching and pimple-like skin rash

71
Q

Treatment for Scabies

A

Permethrin 5% cream

Skin & MSK (20 decks)

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