Infectious Diseases of Skin and MSK - BACTERIA Flashcards
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Staphylococcus aureas
Gram positive
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram positive
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Cutibacterium acnes
Gram positive
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Clostridium
Gram positive
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Gram positive
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Vibrio vulnificus
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Yersinia pestris
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Streptobacillus monoiliformis
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Acinetobacter baumannii
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Rickettsia
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Gram negative
Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Borrelia burgdorferi
Gram negative
Is Staphylococcus catalase positive or negative?
Positive
Can convert H2O2 to H2O
What 3 conditions can Staphylococcus grow in?
Aerobic, anaerobic, and high salt conditions
Staph aureus has this, which forms the fibrin layer and causes clotting
Coagulase
Does Streptococcus have coagulase?
No
Does Staphylococcus have coagulase?
Yes - S. aureus
Many Staph organisms have this type of capsule
Polysaccharide
This in Staph organisms codes for a novel PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin
mecA
In this bacteria, mecA codes for a novel PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin
Staphyloccocus
mecA, a gene which codes for a novel PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin, is found in this organism
Staphylococcus
Staph organisms have mecA, which codes for this
PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin
mecA in Staph organisms provides resistance to this
Methicillin
In Staph, virulence genes are controlled by this
agr operon
In Staph, the agr operon controls this
Virulence genes
In this bacteria, capsules, slime layers, and protein A prevent opsonization
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus have these 3 components that prevent opsonization
Capsules
Slime layers
Protein A
Is Staph aureus a normal flora?
Yes
Also a potent pathogen
Can be transmitted by direct contact, via fomites, or infection can arise from normal microbiota
Organism that has Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin
Staph aureus
Staph aureus has this leukocidin toxin that is plasma encoded
Panton-Valentine leukocidin
In Staph aureus, is the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin encoded on the gene or plasmid?
Plasmid encoded
In Staph aureus, Panton-Valentine is this type of toxin
Leukocidin - damages WBCs
Exfoliative toxins A and B are serine proteases that degrade desmoglein 1, and are found in this organism
Staph aureus
Staph aureus contains these 2 toxins which are serine proteases that degrade desmoglein 1
Exfoliative toxins A and B
Staph aureus has Exfoliative toxins A and B, which are serine proteases that degrade this
Desmoglein 1
Staph aureus has Exfoliative toxins A and B, which are this type of enzyme
Serine proteases
Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is heat stable
Exfoliative toxin A
Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is phage encoded
Exfoliative toxin A
Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is heat labile
Exfoliative toxin B
Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is plasmid encoded
Exfoliative toxin B
What is the different between exfoliative toxins A and B in Staph aureus?
A is heat stable and phage encoded
B is heat labile and plasmid encoded
This is a superantigen found in S. aureus that is heat and protease resistant, chromosomally encoded, and requires elevated oxygen and neutral pH for expression
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 is a superantigen found in this organism
Staph aureus
Superantigen found in Staph aureus that is heat and protease resistant
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staph aureus is encoded here
Chromosomally
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staph aureus requires these 2 conditions for expression
Elevated oxygen
Neutral pH
Superantigen in Staph aureus that requires elevated oxygen and neutral pH for expression
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1
Clumping factor in Staph aureus that binds fibrinogen and converts it to insoluble fibrin
Coagulase
Coagulase is a clumping factor (binds fibrinogen and converts it to insoluble fibrin) found in this organism
Staph aureus
Staph aureus has this type of capsule
Polysaccharide
How many serotypes of Staph aureus are there?
11
Toxin-based disease where slight pressure displaces skin (Nikolsky sign positive)
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Most adults are protected from Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome by neutralizing antibodies, and present with this
Bullous impetigo
In this condition, redness/inflammation spreads over the entire body followed by cutaneous blisters and later by desquamation of the epithelium
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Condition involving localized growth of disease causing strains in the vagina (menstrual) or wounds (non menstrual); toxin released into the blood
Toxic shock syndrome
Fever, rash, desquamation and hypotension are major criteria for this condition
Minor criteria includes multisystem involvement in 3 or more organ systems
Toxic shock syndrome
What are the 4 major criteria for Toxic shock syndrome?
Fever
Rash
Desquamation
Hypotension
Hypotension is seen in this condition
Toxic shock syndrome
Staph aureus can be cultured on these two agars
Blood agar
Mannitol Salt agar
Mannitol Salt agar is selective (high salt) and differential (ferment mannitol) for this organism
Staph aureus
Most Staph aureus are resistant to this
Penicilin
This organism is resistant to all forms of penicillinase resistant beta lactam antibiotics (methicillin, oxacillin, floxacillin, etc.)
Staph aureus
Staph aureus have acquired this, which encodes penicillin binding protein 2A
mecA
Staph aureus have acquired mecA, which encodes this
Penicillin binding protein 2A
Antibiotic that is used empirically for serious infections with Staph aureus
Vancomycin
Vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) have this
A thickened wall
Vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) acquired the vanA gene from this organism
Enterococcus
Vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) acquired this gene from Enterococcus
vanA
This organism has vancomycin resistance by acquiring the vanA gene from Enterococcus
Vancomyin resistant S. aureus (VRSA)
Cell division occurs in a single plane in this organism
Streptococci
Streptococci require this kind of environment
Are facultative anaerobes
Type of media required for Streptococci
Need blood or serum enriched media
Is Streptococci catalase positive or negative?
Negative
Streptococci typing scheme where group-specific carbohydrates are detected by antisera
Lancefield typing scheme
The Lancefield typing scheme is used to type this organism
Streptococci
What is the basis of the Lancefield typing scheme?
Carbohydrates
Strep pyogenes is in this Lancefield typing group
Group A
Strep agalactiae is in this Lancefield typing group
Group B
Streptococcus species that is beta-hemolytic
Strep pyogenes
Strep pyogenes is sensitive to this antibiotic
Bacitracin
This is a major type specific antigen in Strep pyogenes that also blocks phagocytosis and C3b
M protein (emm gene)
M protein (emm gene) is a major type specific antigen of this organism
Strep pyogenes
Human pharynx, skin, and mucosal surfaces are the natural habitat for this organism that transmits by droplets or direct contact
Strep pyogenes
Where is the natural habitat of Strep pyogenes?
Human pharynx, skin, and mucosal surfaces
Heat labile superantigens in Strep pyogenes
Spe (strep pyrogenic exotoxins)
Does Strep pyogenes have endotoxin or exotoxin?
Has exotoxins
Spe (strep pyrogenic exotoxins)
Toxin of Strep pyogenes that is oxygen stable, non-immunogenic cell bound hemolysin
Streptolysin S
Toxin of Strep pyogenes that is an oxygen labile, pore forming toxin
Streptolysin O
Which Strep pyogenes toxin is oxygen stable, Streptolysin S or O?
Streptolysin S
Which Strep pyogenes toxin is a pore forming toxin?
Streptolysin O
Which Strep pyogenes toxin is a non-immunogenic cell bound hemolysin?
Streptolysin S
Streptolysin S and O are toxins of this organism
Strep pyrogens
Virulence factor in Strep pyogenes that mediates the cleavage of plasminogen (which releases plasmin which cleaves fibrin and fibrinogen; promotes spreading)
Streptokinase A and B
Streptokinase A and B mediate the cleavage of this
Plasminogen
Streptokinase A and B are virulence factors found in this organism
Strep pyogenes
Some Strep pyogenes have this kind of capsule
Hyaluronic acid
Some organisms of this species have a hyaluronic acid capsule
Strep pyogenes
PYR (L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase) is found in this organism
Strep pyogenes
Scarlet fever is a complication of this organism
Strep pharyngitis
Acute glomerulonephritis is a post infection sequelae that can occur after skin infection with this
Strep pyogenes
Acute rheumatic fever/heart disease and Pediatric neurological diseases are post infection sequelae that can occur after throat infection with this
Strep pyogenes
Can penicillin be used to treat S. aureus?
No
Most are resistant to penicillin
Can penicillin be used to treat S. pyogenes?
Yes, is still effective
Is Cutibacterium acnes gram positive or negative?
Gram positive
What is the shape of Cutibacterium acnes?
Rod
Does Cutibacterium acnes require oxygen?
No, is anaerobic
Does Cutibacterium acnes form spores?
No
Is Cutibacterium acnes catalase positive or negative?
Positive
Is Clostridia gram negative or positive?
Gram positive
Is S. pyogenes beta-hemolytic?
Yes
Organism that is rapid spreading growth, beta hemolytic, and produces gas
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium perfringens produces this foul smelling gas
H2S
This organism produces gases, including H2S (foul smelling)
Clostridium perfringens
This is the only toxin produced by all 5 types of Clostridium perfringens
Alpha toxin
Toxin in Clostridium perfringens that is a lecithinase (PLC C) that lyses RBCs, plates, WBCs, endothelial cells
Alpha toxin
Alpha toxin, a lecithinase that lyses RBCs, platelets, WBCs, endothelial cells, is found in this organism
Clostridium perfringens
Toxin of Clostridium perfringens that causes massive hemolysis, increased vascular permeability and bleeding, tissue destruction, liver toxicity and myocardial dysfunction
Alpha toxin
Toxin of Clostridium perfringens that is heat labile, only during sporulation
Enterotoxin
Enterotoxin is heat labile, only during sporulation, found in this organism
Clostridium perfringens
Does Clostridium perfringens require oxygen?
No, is anaerobes
Nagler’s reaction is used to diagnose this organism
Clostridium perfringens
This is used to distinguish Clostridium perfringens from other Clostridia which are lecithinase positive
Nagler’s reaction
What is the treatment for Clostridium perfringens?
Surgical debridgement and high dose Penicillin G
Surgical debridement and high dose Penicillin G are the treatment for this condition
Clostridium perfringens
Surgical debridement and high dose of this is treatment for Clostridium perfringens
Penicillin G
Does Bacillus require oxygen?
Is aerobic
What is the gram staining of bacilli?
Gram positive
Are Bacillus motile?
No, are nonmotile
This organism is large, aerobic, nonmotile gram positive forming endospores
Bacillus
Does Bacillus form spores?
Form endospores
What type of hemolysis occurs in Bacillus?
Gamma hemolytic
What type of hemolysis occurs in Strep pyogenes?
Beta hemolytic
What type of hemolysis occurs in Clostridium perfringens?
Beta hemolytic
What conditions do Bacillus require for growth?
None; are non-fastidious
2 reservoirs for Bacillus anthracis
Domestic cattle and sheep
Endospores of this organism survive in soil for decades
Bacillus anthracis
2 ways Bacillus anthracis may be transmitted
Inoculation into cuts or abrasions
Inhaling endospores
Gram staining of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Gram positive
Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae catalase positive or negative?
Positive
What is the shape of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
Rods
Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae motile?
No
Localized cutaneous form of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Erysipeloid
Erysipeloid is a localized cutaneous form of infection with this organism
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Infection in humans with this organism is occupationally related, principally occurring as a result of contact with contaminated animals, their produces or wastes, or soil
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is related to this
Occupationally related
Is Mycobacteria motile?
No
Does Mycobacteria form spores?
No
What shape is Mycobacteria?
Rods
Do Mycobacteria require oxygen?
Facultative intracellular aerobic
Mycobacteria cell wall is rich in this
Lipids
Made of mycolic acids
This organism can form branched filaments
Mycobacteria
Mycobacteria cell wall is gram negative or positive?
Gram positive
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is found anchored in the plasma membrane of this organism
Mycobacteria
Organism detected in an Acid fast stain
Mycobacteria
Is Mycobacteria fast or slow growing?
Slow
Organism that causes Tuberculoid leprosy and Lepromatous leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
Infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae that is a strong cellular reaction with many lymphocytes and granulomas present in tissue with few bacteria
Dry, scaly lesions that lack sensation
Tuberculoid leprosy
Infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae that is a strong antibody response
Chronic infection affecting skin and peripheral nerves
Disfiguring skin lesions
Lepromatous leprosy
Organism with toxin mycolactone that causes tissue damage and inhibits the immune response allowing disease to progress with no pain or fever
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycobacterium ulcerans has this toxin that causes tissue damage and inhibits the immune response allowing disease to progress with no pain or fever
Mycolactone
A Buruli Ulcer can occur with this organism
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Infection with this organism causes a nodule that will ulcerate within 4 weeks with the classical, undetermined borders
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans involves a nodule that will ulcerate within 4 weeks with this
Undetermined borders
This is the most commonly used method to diagnose Mycobacterium ulcerans
PCR
Are Vibrio gram positive or negative?
Negative
What is the shape of Vibrio?
Curved rods with polar flagella
This organism is gram negative rods with polar flagella
Vibrio
Are Vibrio oxidase positive or negative?
Positive
Most Vibrio require this for growth
Salt
Most of this species have toxin coregulated pili
Vibrio
Does Vibrio require oxygen?
Are facultative anaerobes
Organism that causes wound infections and secretory diarrhea
Increased susceptibility with high iron in the blood or liver dysfunction
Vibrio vulnificus
What does Vibrio vulnificus cause?
Wound infections and secretory diarrhea
Vibrio vulnificus causes wound infections and secretory diarrhea, and patients with these have increased susceptibility
High iron in the blood or Liver dysfunction
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram positive or negative?
Negative
Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa require oxygen?
Is aerobic
What is the shape of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Bacillus
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidase positive or negative?
Positive
This organism has a polysaccharide slime layer or capsule
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa motile?
Yes, via a polar flagellum
This organism forms large, moist, fluorescent greenish colonies with a characteristic “fruity” smell
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to antibiotics?
yes, is inherently antibiotic resistant
Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferment?
No
Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a polysaccharide slime layer or capsule?
yes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa are motile via this
Polar flagellum
Gram negative, aerobic, nonfermentative bacilli with a polysaccharide slime layer or capsule
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is blue, catalyzes the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, stimulates IL-8 release
Pyocyanin
Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is yellow-green, siderophore that binds iron, and regulates virulence factor secretion
Pyoverdin
Pyocyanin and Pyoverdin are diffusible pigments produced by this organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that catalyzes the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide
Pyocyanin
Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that stimulates IL-8 release
Pyocyanin
Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is a siderophore that binds iron
Pyoverdin
Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that regulates virulence factor secretion
Pyoverdin
Virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is a mucoid exopolysaccharide that forms the capsule
Alginate
Alginate is a mucoid exopolysaccharide that forms the capsule and is a virulence factor of this organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that synergistically degrade elastin
Elastases LasA (serine protease) and LasB (zinc metalloprotease)
Elastases LasA (serine protease) and LasB (zinc metalloprotease) are virulence factors of this organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Heat-labile hemolysin that breaks down lipids and lecithin and is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Phospholipase C
Phospholipase C is a heat-labile hemolysin breaks down lipids and lecithin, and is a virulence factor of this organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Alginate, Elastases LasA and LasB, and Phospholipase C are virulence factors of this organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
“Hot tub folliculitis” can occur from infection with this organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Community-acquired infections of this organism include otitis externa, impetigo, folliculitis (immersion in contaminated water: “hot tub folliculitis”)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
In cystic fibrosis, most patients are colonized with this organism by adulthood and experience recurring infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Most patients with this condition are colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by adulthood and experience recurring infections
Cystic fibrosis
Healthcare-associated and opportunistic infections of this organism includes wound - especially burn
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be isolated on these 2 agars
Blood or MacConkey
Positive nitrate reduction test is used in diagnosis of this organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa usually includes these 2 drugs
3rd gen cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides
Is Burkholderia pseudomallei motile?
Yes
Is Burkholderia pseudomallei catalase positive or negative?
Positive
Is Burkholderia pseudomallei gram positive or negative?
Negative
What is the shape of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
Bacillus
Is Burkholderia pseudomallei fermenting?
No
Lactose non-fermenting
Melioidosis (aka Whitmore’s disease) is caused by this organism
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei
Melioidosis (aka Whitmore’s disease)
Does Yersinia pestis require oxygen?
Is facultative anaerobe
Is Yersinia pestis safe to handle in pure culture?
No, is extremely hazardous
Are Yersinia pestis infections considered zoonotic?
Yes - all
Reservoir for Yersinia pestis
Rats and a wide variety of other wild rodents
Vector in Yersinia pestis
Rodent flea ectoparasites
Urban and sylvatic plagues are caused by this organism
Yersinia pestis
This condition caused by Yersinia pestis is characterized by the sudden onset of fever, chills, weakness, and headache, accompanied by regional lymphadenitis
Bubonic plague
Diagnosis of this organism is made by smear and culture of blood or pus (which can be dangerous), fluorescent antibody staining and serology
Yersinia pestis
What is the control for Yersinia pestis?
Avoiding exposure to rodents and their fleas
This is the main treatment for Yersinia pestis
Gentamicin
(also streptomycin or doxycycline)
Is Pasteurella multocida gram positive or negative?
Negative
What is the shape of Pasteurella multocida?
Encapsulated rod
Does Pasteurella multocida require oxygen?
Facultative anaerobe
This organism is part of the normal flora of cats and dogs and is transmitted to humans by an animal bite or scratch
Pasteurella multocida
Pasteurella multocida is part of the normal flora of this
Cats and dogs
Is transmitted to humans by bite or scratch
Pasteurella multocida infections can become systemic in patients with this
Compromised immune systems
Can penicillin be used to treat Pasteurella multocida?
Yes, is effective
Is Streptobacillus moniliformis gram positive or negative?
Negative
What is the shape of Streptobacillus moniliformis?
Filamentous bacillus
Organism that causes streptobacillary fever or rat bite fever
Streptobacillus moniliformis
This bacteria is found in the oropharyngeal flora of 50% of healthy wild and laboratory rats
Streptobacillus moniliformis
How is Streptobacillus moniliformis transmitted to humans?
By a rodent bite
A patient bitten by a rat could have this condition
Rat bite fever
Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis
In this condition, bacteria multiply at the site of inoculation and spread to lymph nodes and blood, leading to lymphadenopathy, rash and arthralgia
Rash can include palms and soles
Rat bite fever
Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis
Does a rash from Rat bite fever (caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis) involve the palms and soles?
It can yes
What is the treatment for Rat bite fever (caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis)?
Penicillin or doxycycline
What is the treatment for Rickettsia species?
Tetracyclines (doxycycline)
Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by this organism
Rickettsia rickettsii
Mediterranean spotted fever is caused by this organism
Rickettsia conorii
Rickettsialpox is caused by this organism
Rickettsia akari
Epidemic typhus is caused by this organism
Rickettsia prowazekii
Endemic (murine) typhus is caused by this organism
Rickettsia typhi
Rickettsia rickettsii causes this condition
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia conorii causes this condition
Mediterranean spotted fever
Rickettsia akari causes this condition
Rickettsialpox
Rickettsia prowazekii causes this condition
Epidemic typhus
Rickettsia typhi causes this condition
Endemic (murine) typhus
Human disease with this organism is characterized by a prominent macular skin rash involving palms and soles, which spreads centripetally
Pneumonia is common
Rickettsia rickettsii
A macular skin rash involving palms and soles that spreads centripetally is characteristic of this organism
Rickettsia rickettsii
What is the prognosis of a patient with Rocky mountain spotted fever (caused by Rickettsia rickettsii)?
Death occurs 7-15 days after onset of symptoms without appropriate treatment
What is the reservoir for Rickettsia rickettsii?
Wild rodents
What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsii?
Ticks, e.g. Dermacentor species (wood ticks, dog ticks)
Ticks, e.g. Dermacentor species (wood ticks, dog ticks) is the vector for this organism
Rickettsia rickettsii
What is the reservoir for Rickettsia akari?
House mouse
What is the vector for Rickettsia akari?
Mite ectoparasite
This condition has the typical triad of fever, papulovesicular rash, and an eschar at the site of the mite bite
Rickettsialpox
(caused by Rickettsia akari)
Eschar is often seen in this condition that is similar to chickenpox but not fatal
Rickettsialpox
(caused by Rickettsia akari)
What is the typical triad of Rickettsialpox (caused by Rickettsia akari)?
Fever
Papulovesicular rash
Eschar at site of mite bite
What is the reservoir for Rickettsia prowazekii?
Humans
Vector is the head and body louse
Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia ricketsii involve the palms and soles?
Yes, then spreads centripetally
Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia prowazekii involve the palms and soles?
No
Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia ricketsii spread centrifugally or centripetally?
Centripetally (starts in extremities and spreads to trunk)
Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia prowazekii spread centrifugally or centripetally?
Centrifugally
Does not involve the face, palms or soles
Condition where Rickettsia prowazekii organisms may remain dormant for decades after primary infection and cause mild relapses when immune system declines
Recrudescent typhus
Aka Brill-Zinsser disease
Recrudescent typhus (Aka Brill-Zinsser disease) is caused by this organism which may remain dormant for decades after primary infection and cause mild relapses when immune system declines
Rickettsia prowazekii
What is the reservoir for Rickettsia typhi?
Rats
What is the vector for Rickettsia typhi?
Rat fleas
Type of typhus that does not spread in epidemics
Gradual onset, less severe
Endemic typhus (caused by Rickettsia typhi)
This organism is a Rickettsia-like organism and obligate intracellular parasite
Orientia tsutsugamushi
What is the reservoir for Orientia tsutsugamushi?
Small rodents
What is the vector for Orientia tsutsugamushi?
Trombiculid mites
Trombiculid mites are the vector for this organism
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Scrub typhus is caused by this organism
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Orientia tsutsugamushi causes this condition
Scrub typhus
Eschar is seen in infections with either of these organisms
Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus)
Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox)
Condition characterized by fever, mental changes, headache, inoculation eschar, rash, and lymphadenopathy
Scrub typhus
(caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi)
Orientia tsutsugamushi is largely confined to this region
Eastern and Southeast Asia
Is Francisella tularensis gram positive or negative?
Negative
What is the shape of Francisella tularensis?
Coccobacillus
Is Francisella tularensis motile?
No
Can be encapsulated
Does Francisella tularensis require oxygen?
Yes, is strict aerobe
Francisella tularensis requires this molecule for growth
Cysteine
Organism that is fastidious and slow growing, and requires cysteine
Francisella tularensis
Francisella tularensis localizes to this type of cells
Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system
Form granulomas
Organism that localizes to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system forming granulomas
Francisella tularensis
What is the reservoir of Francisella tularensis?
Wild mammals, especially rabbits
Rabbits are the reservoir of this organism
Francisella tularensis
Francisella tularensis causes this condition characterized by abrupt onset fever and chills
Ulceroglandular Tularemia
Ulceroglandular Tularemia is caused by this organism
Francisella tularensis
How long is the incubation period of Ulceroglandular Tularemia (caused by Francisella tularensis)?
3-5 days incubation period
Abrupt onset fever and chills
Francisella tularensis can be cultured on this agar, but is extremely hazardous
Chocolate agar
This organism may be cultured on chocolate agar, but is extremely hazardous
Francisella tularensis
This is the treatment for Francisella tularensis
Streptomycin
What is the vector for Borrelia burgdorferi?
Ixodes deer tick (hard tick)
The Ixodes deer tick (hard tick) is the vector for this organism
Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the reservoir for Borrelia burgdorferi?
Includes deer, deer mice, and birds
Borrelia burgdorferi causes this condition
Lyme disease
Lyme disease is caused by this organism
Borrelia burgdorferi
This is the treatment for early manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi
Doxycycline
This is the treatment for later manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi
Ceftriaxone
Opportunistic bacteria causing wound infections that is aerobic, nonmotile, gram negative rod
Acinetobacter baumannii
Is Acinetobacter baumannii gram positive or negative?
Negative
What is the shape of Acinetobacter baumannii?
Rod
Septic arthritis may be caused by these 3 organisms
Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes
Strep agalactiae
Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes and Strep agalactiae may cause this condition characterized by invasion of joint causing localized inflammation with fever
Septic arthritis
Autoimmune disease prompted by infection at distal parts of body, not infection of the joint
Reactive arthritis
Does Reactive arthritis or Septic arthritis involve infection of the joint?
Septic arthritis (joint is invaded by microbe)
Reactive arthritis is autoimmune disease prompted by infection at distal parts of body - NOT infection of the joint
Infection of bone or bone marrow
Osteomyelitis
Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia may develop Osteomyelitis due to infection with this organism
Salmonella
