Infectious Diseases of Skin and MSK - BACTERIA Flashcards by Stacey Hansen

Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Staphylococcus aureas

Gram positive

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram positive

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Cutibacterium acnes

Gram positive

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Clostridium

Gram positive

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Gram positive

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Vibrio vulnificus

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Burkholderia pseudomallei

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Yersinia pestris

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Streptobacillus monoiliformis

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Acinetobacter baumannii

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Rickettsia

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Orientia tsutsugamushi

Gram negative

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Is this bacteria gram positive or negative:
Borrelia burgdorferi

Gram negative

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Is Staphylococcus catalase positive or negative?

Positive
Can convert H2O2 to H2O

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What 3 conditions can Staphylococcus grow in?

Aerobic, anaerobic, and high salt conditions

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Staph aureus has this, which forms the fibrin layer and causes clotting

Coagulase

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Does Streptococcus have coagulase?

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Does Staphylococcus have coagulase?

Yes - S. aureus

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Many Staph organisms have this type of capsule

Polysaccharide

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This in Staph organisms codes for a novel PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin

mecA

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In this bacteria, mecA codes for a novel PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin

Staphyloccocus

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mecA, a gene which codes for a novel PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin, is found in this organism

Staphylococcus

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Staph organisms have mecA, which codes for this

PBP2a with low affinity for methicillin

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mecA in Staph organisms provides resistance to this

Methicillin

In Staph, virulence genes are controlled by this

agr operon

In Staph, the agr operon controls this

Virulence genes

In this bacteria, capsules, slime layers, and protein A prevent opsonization

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus have these 3 components that prevent opsonization

Capsules Slime layers Protein A

Is Staph aureus a normal flora?

Yes Also a potent pathogen Can be transmitted by direct contact, via fomites, or infection can arise from normal microbiota

Organism that has Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin

Staph aureus

Staph aureus has this leukocidin toxin that is plasma encoded

Panton-Valentine leukocidin

In Staph aureus, is the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin encoded on the gene or plasmid?

Plasmid encoded

In Staph aureus, Panton-Valentine is this type of toxin

Leukocidin - damages WBCs

Exfoliative toxins A and B are serine proteases that degrade desmoglein 1, and are found in this organism

Staph aureus

Staph aureus contains these 2 toxins which are serine proteases that degrade desmoglein 1

Exfoliative toxins A and B

Staph aureus has Exfoliative toxins A and B, which are serine proteases that degrade this

Desmoglein 1

Staph aureus has Exfoliative toxins A and B, which are this type of enzyme

Serine proteases

Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is heat stable

Exfoliative toxin A

Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is phage encoded

Exfoliative toxin A

Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is heat labile

Exfoliative toxin B

Staph aureus has this exfolitative toxin that is plasmid encoded

Exfoliative toxin B

What is the different between exfoliative toxins A and B in Staph aureus?

A is heat stable and phage encoded B is heat labile and plasmid encoded

This is a superantigen found in S. aureus that is heat and protease resistant, chromosomally encoded, and requires elevated oxygen and neutral pH for expression

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 is a superantigen found in this organism

Staph aureus

Superantigen found in Staph aureus that is heat and protease resistant

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staph aureus is encoded here

Chromosomally

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staph aureus requires these 2 conditions for expression

Elevated oxygen Neutral pH

Superantigen in Staph aureus that requires elevated oxygen and neutral pH for expression

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

Clumping factor in Staph aureus that binds fibrinogen and converts it to insoluble fibrin

Coagulase

Coagulase is a clumping factor (binds fibrinogen and converts it to insoluble fibrin) found in this organism

Staph aureus

Staph aureus has this type of capsule

Polysaccharide

How many serotypes of Staph aureus are there?

Toxin-based disease where slight pressure displaces skin (Nikolsky sign positive)

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Most adults are protected from Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome by neutralizing antibodies, and present with this

Bullous impetigo

In this condition, redness/inflammation spreads over the entire body followed by cutaneous blisters and later by desquamation of the epithelium

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Condition involving localized growth of disease causing strains in the vagina (menstrual) or wounds (non menstrual); toxin released into the blood

Toxic shock syndrome

Fever, rash, desquamation and hypotension are major criteria for this condition Minor criteria includes multisystem involvement in 3 or more organ systems

Toxic shock syndrome

What are the 4 major criteria for Toxic shock syndrome?

Fever Rash Desquamation Hypotension

Hypotension is seen in this condition

Toxic shock syndrome

Staph aureus can be cultured on these two agars

Blood agar Mannitol Salt agar

Mannitol Salt agar is selective (high salt) and differential (ferment mannitol) for this organism

Staph aureus

Most Staph aureus are resistant to this

Penicilin

This organism is resistant to all forms of penicillinase resistant beta lactam antibiotics (methicillin, oxacillin, floxacillin, etc.)

Staph aureus

Staph aureus have acquired this, which encodes penicillin binding protein 2A

mecA

Staph aureus have acquired mecA, which encodes this

Penicillin binding protein 2A

Antibiotic that is used empirically for serious infections with Staph aureus

Vancomycin

Vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) have this

A thickened wall

Vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) acquired the vanA gene from this organism

Enterococcus

Vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) acquired this gene from Enterococcus

vanA

This organism has vancomycin resistance by acquiring the vanA gene from Enterococcus

Vancomyin resistant S. aureus (VRSA)

Cell division occurs in a single plane in this organism

Streptococci

Streptococci require this kind of environment

Are facultative anaerobes

Type of media required for Streptococci

Need blood or serum enriched media

Is Streptococci catalase positive or negative?

Negative

Streptococci typing scheme where group-specific carbohydrates are detected by antisera

Lancefield typing scheme

The Lancefield typing scheme is used to type this organism

Streptococci

What is the basis of the Lancefield typing scheme?

Carbohydrates

Strep pyogenes is in this Lancefield typing group

Group A

Strep agalactiae is in this Lancefield typing group

Group B

Streptococcus species that is beta-hemolytic

Strep pyogenes

Strep pyogenes is sensitive to this antibiotic

Bacitracin

This is a major type specific antigen in Strep pyogenes that also blocks phagocytosis and C3b

M protein (emm gene)

M protein (emm gene) is a major type specific antigen of this organism

Strep pyogenes

Human pharynx, skin, and mucosal surfaces are the natural habitat for this organism that transmits by droplets or direct contact

Strep pyogenes

Where is the natural habitat of Strep pyogenes?

Human pharynx, skin, and mucosal surfaces

Heat labile superantigens in Strep pyogenes

Spe (strep pyrogenic exotoxins)

Does Strep pyogenes have endotoxin or exotoxin?

Has exotoxins Spe (strep pyrogenic exotoxins)

Toxin of Strep pyogenes that is oxygen stable, non-immunogenic cell bound hemolysin

Streptolysin S

Toxin of Strep pyogenes that is an oxygen labile, pore forming toxin

Streptolysin O

Which Strep pyogenes toxin is oxygen stable, Streptolysin S or O?

Streptolysin S

Which Strep pyogenes toxin is a pore forming toxin?

Streptolysin O

Which Strep pyogenes toxin is a non-immunogenic cell bound hemolysin?

Streptolysin S

Streptolysin S and O are toxins of this organism

Strep pyrogens

Virulence factor in Strep pyogenes that mediates the cleavage of plasminogen (which releases plasmin which cleaves fibrin and fibrinogen; promotes spreading)

Streptokinase A and B

Streptokinase A and B mediate the cleavage of this

Plasminogen

Streptokinase A and B are virulence factors found in this organism

Strep pyogenes

Some Strep pyogenes have this kind of capsule

Hyaluronic acid

Some organisms of this species have a hyaluronic acid capsule

Strep pyogenes

PYR (L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase) is found in this organism

Strep pyogenes

Scarlet fever is a complication of this organism

Strep pharyngitis

Acute glomerulonephritis is a post infection sequelae that can occur after skin infection with this

Strep pyogenes

Acute rheumatic fever/heart disease and Pediatric neurological diseases are post infection sequelae that can occur after throat infection with this

Strep pyogenes

Can penicillin be used to treat S. aureus?

No Most are resistant to penicillin

Can penicillin be used to treat S. pyogenes?

Yes, is still effective

Is Cutibacterium acnes gram positive or negative?

Gram positive

What is the shape of Cutibacterium acnes?

Rod

Does Cutibacterium acnes require oxygen?

No, is anaerobic

Does Cutibacterium acnes form spores?

Is Cutibacterium acnes catalase positive or negative?

Positive

Is Clostridia gram negative or positive?

Gram positive

Is S. pyogenes beta-hemolytic?

Yes

Organism that is rapid spreading growth, beta hemolytic, and produces gas

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens produces this foul smelling gas

H2S

This organism produces gases, including H2S (foul smelling)

Clostridium perfringens

This is the only toxin produced by all 5 types of Clostridium perfringens

Alpha toxin

Toxin in Clostridium perfringens that is a lecithinase (PLC C) that lyses RBCs, plates, WBCs, endothelial cells

Alpha toxin

Alpha toxin, a lecithinase that lyses RBCs, platelets, WBCs, endothelial cells, is found in this organism

Clostridium perfringens

Toxin of Clostridium perfringens that causes massive hemolysis, increased vascular permeability and bleeding, tissue destruction, liver toxicity and myocardial dysfunction

Alpha toxin

Toxin of Clostridium perfringens that is heat labile, only during sporulation

Enterotoxin

Enterotoxin is heat labile, only during sporulation, found in this organism

Clostridium perfringens

Does Clostridium perfringens require oxygen?

No, is anaerobes

Nagler's reaction is used to diagnose this organism

Clostridium perfringens

This is used to distinguish Clostridium perfringens from other Clostridia which are lecithinase positive

Nagler's reaction

What is the treatment for Clostridium perfringens?

Surgical debridgement and high dose Penicillin G

Surgical debridement and high dose Penicillin G are the treatment for this condition

Clostridium perfringens

Surgical debridement and high dose of this is treatment for Clostridium perfringens

Penicillin G

Does Bacillus require oxygen?

Is aerobic

What is the gram staining of bacilli?

Gram positive

Are Bacillus motile?

No, are nonmotile

This organism is large, aerobic, nonmotile gram positive forming endospores

Bacillus

Does Bacillus form spores?

Form endospores

What type of hemolysis occurs in Bacillus?

Gamma hemolytic

What type of hemolysis occurs in Strep pyogenes?

Beta hemolytic

What type of hemolysis occurs in Clostridium perfringens?

Beta hemolytic

What conditions do Bacillus require for growth?

None; are non-fastidious

2 reservoirs for Bacillus anthracis

Domestic cattle and sheep

Endospores of this organism survive in soil for decades

Bacillus anthracis

2 ways Bacillus anthracis may be transmitted

Inoculation into cuts or abrasions Inhaling endospores

Gram staining of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Gram positive

Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae catalase positive or negative?

Positive

What is the shape of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Rods

Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae motile?

Localized cutaneous form of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Erysipeloid

Erysipeloid is a localized cutaneous form of infection with this organism

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Infection in humans with this organism is occupationally related, principally occurring as a result of contact with contaminated animals, their produces or wastes, or soil

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is related to this

Occupationally related

Is Mycobacteria motile?

Does Mycobacteria form spores?

What shape is Mycobacteria?

Rods

Do Mycobacteria require oxygen?

Facultative intracellular aerobic

Mycobacteria cell wall is rich in this

Lipids Made of mycolic acids

This organism can form branched filaments

Mycobacteria

Mycobacteria cell wall is gram negative or positive?

Gram positive

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is found anchored in the plasma membrane of this organism

Mycobacteria

Organism detected in an Acid fast stain

Mycobacteria

Is Mycobacteria fast or slow growing?

Slow

Organism that causes Tuberculoid leprosy and Lepromatous leprosy

Mycobacterium leprae

Infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae that is a strong cellular reaction with many lymphocytes and granulomas present in tissue with few bacteria Dry, scaly lesions that lack sensation

Tuberculoid leprosy

Infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae that is a strong antibody response Chronic infection affecting skin and peripheral nerves Disfiguring skin lesions

Lepromatous leprosy

Organism with toxin mycolactone that causes tissue damage and inhibits the immune response allowing disease to progress with no pain or fever

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium ulcerans has this toxin that causes tissue damage and inhibits the immune response allowing disease to progress with no pain or fever

Mycolactone

A Buruli Ulcer can occur with this organism

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Infection with this organism causes a nodule that will ulcerate within 4 weeks with the classical, undetermined borders

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans involves a nodule that will ulcerate within 4 weeks with this

Undetermined borders

This is the most commonly used method to diagnose Mycobacterium ulcerans

PCR

Are Vibrio gram positive or negative?

Negative

What is the shape of Vibrio?

Curved rods with polar flagella

This organism is gram negative rods with polar flagella

Vibrio

Are Vibrio oxidase positive or negative?

Positive

Most Vibrio require this for growth

Salt

Most of this species have toxin coregulated pili

Vibrio

Does Vibrio require oxygen?

Are facultative anaerobes

Organism that causes wound infections and secretory diarrhea Increased susceptibility with high iron in the blood or liver dysfunction

Vibrio vulnificus

What does Vibrio vulnificus cause?

Wound infections and secretory diarrhea

Vibrio vulnificus causes wound infections and secretory diarrhea, and patients with these have increased susceptibility

High iron in the blood or Liver dysfunction

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram positive or negative?

Negative

Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa require oxygen?

Is aerobic

What is the shape of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Bacillus

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidase positive or negative?

Positive

This organism has a polysaccharide slime layer or capsule

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa motile?

Yes, via a polar flagellum

This organism forms large, moist, fluorescent greenish colonies with a characteristic "fruity" smell

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to antibiotics?

yes, is inherently antibiotic resistant

Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferment?

Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a polysaccharide slime layer or capsule?

yes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa are motile via this

Polar flagellum

Gram negative, aerobic, nonfermentative bacilli with a polysaccharide slime layer or capsule

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is blue, catalyzes the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, stimulates IL-8 release

Pyocyanin

Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is yellow-green, siderophore that binds iron, and regulates virulence factor secretion

Pyoverdin

Pyocyanin and Pyoverdin are diffusible pigments produced by this organism

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that catalyzes the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

Pyocyanin

Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that stimulates IL-8 release

Pyocyanin

Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is a siderophore that binds iron

Pyoverdin

Diffusable pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that regulates virulence factor secretion

Pyoverdin

Virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is a mucoid exopolysaccharide that forms the capsule

Alginate

Alginate is a mucoid exopolysaccharide that forms the capsule and is a virulence factor of this organism

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that synergistically degrade elastin

Elastases LasA (serine protease) and LasB (zinc metalloprotease)

Elastases LasA (serine protease) and LasB (zinc metalloprotease) are virulence factors of this organism

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Heat-labile hemolysin that breaks down lipids and lecithin and is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Phospholipase C

Phospholipase C is a heat-labile hemolysin breaks down lipids and lecithin, and is a virulence factor of this organism

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Alginate, Elastases LasA and LasB, and Phospholipase C are virulence factors of this organism

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

"Hot tub folliculitis" can occur from infection with this organism

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Community-acquired infections of this organism include otitis externa, impetigo, folliculitis (immersion in contaminated water: “hot tub folliculitis”)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

In cystic fibrosis, most patients are colonized with this organism by adulthood and experience recurring infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Most patients with this condition are colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by adulthood and experience recurring infections

Cystic fibrosis

Healthcare-associated and opportunistic infections of this organism includes wound - especially burn

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be isolated on these 2 agars

Blood or MacConkey

Positive nitrate reduction test is used in diagnosis of this organism

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa usually includes these 2 drugs

3rd gen cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides

Is Burkholderia pseudomallei motile?

Yes

Is Burkholderia pseudomallei catalase positive or negative?

Positive

Is Burkholderia pseudomallei gram positive or negative?

Negative

What is the shape of Burkholderia pseudomallei?

Bacillus

Is Burkholderia pseudomallei fermenting?

No Lactose non-fermenting

Melioidosis (aka Whitmore's disease) is caused by this organism

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Melioidosis (aka Whitmore's disease)

Does Yersinia pestis require oxygen?

Is facultative anaerobe

Is Yersinia pestis safe to handle in pure culture?

No, is extremely hazardous

Are Yersinia pestis infections considered zoonotic?

Yes - all

Reservoir for Yersinia pestis

Rats and a wide variety of other wild rodents

Vector in Yersinia pestis

Rodent flea ectoparasites

Urban and sylvatic plagues are caused by this organism

Yersinia pestis

This condition caused by Yersinia pestis is characterized by the sudden onset of fever, chills, weakness, and headache, accompanied by regional lymphadenitis

Bubonic plague

Diagnosis of this organism is made by smear and culture of blood or pus (which can be dangerous), fluorescent antibody staining and serology

Yersinia pestis

What is the control for Yersinia pestis?

Avoiding exposure to rodents and their fleas

This is the main treatment for Yersinia pestis

Gentamicin (also streptomycin or doxycycline)

Is Pasteurella multocida gram positive or negative?

Negative

What is the shape of Pasteurella multocida?

Encapsulated rod

Does Pasteurella multocida require oxygen?

Facultative anaerobe

This organism is part of the normal flora of cats and dogs and is transmitted to humans by an animal bite or scratch

Pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida is part of the normal flora of this

Cats and dogs Is transmitted to humans by bite or scratch

Pasteurella multocida infections can become systemic in patients with this

Compromised immune systems

Can penicillin be used to treat Pasteurella multocida?

Yes, is effective

Is Streptobacillus moniliformis gram positive or negative?

Negative

What is the shape of Streptobacillus moniliformis?

Filamentous bacillus

Organism that causes streptobacillary fever or rat bite fever

Streptobacillus moniliformis

This bacteria is found in the oropharyngeal flora of 50% of healthy wild and laboratory rats

Streptobacillus moniliformis

How is Streptobacillus moniliformis transmitted to humans?

By a rodent bite

A patient bitten by a rat could have this condition

Rat bite fever Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis

In this condition, bacteria multiply at the site of inoculation and spread to lymph nodes and blood, leading to lymphadenopathy, rash and arthralgia Rash can include palms and soles

Rat bite fever Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis

Does a rash from Rat bite fever (caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis) involve the palms and soles?

It can yes

What is the treatment for Rat bite fever (caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis)?

Penicillin or doxycycline

What is the treatment for Rickettsia species?

Tetracyclines (doxycycline)

Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by this organism

Rickettsia rickettsii

Mediterranean spotted fever is caused by this organism

Rickettsia conorii

Rickettsialpox is caused by this organism

Rickettsia akari

Epidemic typhus is caused by this organism

Rickettsia prowazekii

Endemic (murine) typhus is caused by this organism

Rickettsia typhi

Rickettsia rickettsii causes this condition

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Rickettsia conorii causes this condition

Mediterranean spotted fever

Rickettsia akari causes this condition

Rickettsialpox

Rickettsia prowazekii causes this condition

Epidemic typhus

Rickettsia typhi causes this condition

Endemic (murine) typhus

Human disease with this organism is characterized by a prominent macular skin rash involving palms and soles, which spreads centripetally Pneumonia is common

Rickettsia rickettsii

A macular skin rash involving palms and soles that spreads centripetally is characteristic of this organism

Rickettsia rickettsii

What is the prognosis of a patient with Rocky mountain spotted fever (caused by Rickettsia rickettsii)?

Death occurs 7-15 days after onset of symptoms without appropriate treatment

What is the reservoir for Rickettsia rickettsii?

Wild rodents

What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsii?

Ticks, e.g. Dermacentor species (wood ticks, dog ticks)

Ticks, e.g. Dermacentor species (wood ticks, dog ticks) is the vector for this organism

Rickettsia rickettsii

What is the reservoir for Rickettsia akari?

House mouse

What is the vector for Rickettsia akari?

Mite ectoparasite

This condition has the typical triad of fever, papulovesicular rash, and an eschar at the site of the mite bite

Rickettsialpox (caused by Rickettsia akari)

Eschar is often seen in this condition that is similar to chickenpox but not fatal

Rickettsialpox (caused by Rickettsia akari)

What is the typical triad of Rickettsialpox (caused by Rickettsia akari)?

Fever Papulovesicular rash Eschar at site of mite bite

What is the reservoir for Rickettsia prowazekii?

Humans Vector is the head and body louse

Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia ricketsii involve the palms and soles?

Yes, then spreads centripetally

Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia prowazekii involve the palms and soles?

Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia ricketsii spread centrifugally or centripetally?

Centripetally (starts in extremities and spreads to trunk)

Does the rash from infection with Rickettsia prowazekii spread centrifugally or centripetally?

Centrifugally Does not involve the face, palms or soles

Condition where Rickettsia prowazekii organisms may remain dormant for decades after primary infection and cause mild relapses when immune system declines

Recrudescent typhus Aka Brill-Zinsser disease

Recrudescent typhus (Aka Brill-Zinsser disease) is caused by this organism which may remain dormant for decades after primary infection and cause mild relapses when immune system declines

Rickettsia prowazekii

What is the reservoir for Rickettsia typhi?

Rats

What is the vector for Rickettsia typhi?

Rat fleas

Type of typhus that does not spread in epidemics Gradual onset, less severe

Endemic typhus (caused by Rickettsia typhi)

This organism is a Rickettsia-like organism and obligate intracellular parasite

Orientia tsutsugamushi

What is the reservoir for Orientia tsutsugamushi?

Small rodents

What is the vector for Orientia tsutsugamushi?

Trombiculid mites

Trombiculid mites are the vector for this organism

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Scrub typhus is caused by this organism

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Orientia tsutsugamushi causes this condition

Scrub typhus

Eschar is seen in infections with either of these organisms

Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox)

Condition characterized by fever, mental changes, headache, inoculation eschar, rash, and lymphadenopathy

Scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi)

Orientia tsutsugamushi is largely confined to this region

Eastern and Southeast Asia

Is Francisella tularensis gram positive or negative?

Negative

What is the shape of Francisella tularensis?

Coccobacillus

Is Francisella tularensis motile?

No Can be encapsulated

Does Francisella tularensis require oxygen?

Yes, is strict aerobe

Francisella tularensis requires this molecule for growth

Cysteine

Organism that is fastidious and slow growing, and requires cysteine

Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis localizes to this type of cells

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system Form granulomas

Organism that localizes to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system forming granulomas

Francisella tularensis

What is the reservoir of Francisella tularensis?

Wild mammals, especially rabbits

Rabbits are the reservoir of this organism

Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis causes this condition characterized by abrupt onset fever and chills

Ulceroglandular Tularemia

Ulceroglandular Tularemia is caused by this organism

Francisella tularensis

How long is the incubation period of Ulceroglandular Tularemia (caused by Francisella tularensis)?

3-5 days incubation period Abrupt onset fever and chills

Francisella tularensis can be cultured on this agar, but is extremely hazardous

Chocolate agar

This organism may be cultured on chocolate agar, but is extremely hazardous

Francisella tularensis

This is the treatment for Francisella tularensis

Streptomycin

What is the vector for Borrelia burgdorferi?

Ixodes deer tick (hard tick)

The Ixodes deer tick (hard tick) is the vector for this organism

Borrelia burgdorferi

What is the reservoir for Borrelia burgdorferi?

Includes deer, deer mice, and birds

Borrelia burgdorferi causes this condition

Lyme disease

Lyme disease is caused by this organism

Borrelia burgdorferi

This is the treatment for early manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi

Doxycycline

This is the treatment for later manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi

Ceftriaxone

Opportunistic bacteria causing wound infections that is aerobic, nonmotile, gram negative rod

Acinetobacter baumannii

Is Acinetobacter baumannii gram positive or negative?

Negative

What is the shape of Acinetobacter baumannii?

Rod

Septic arthritis may be caused by these 3 organisms

Staph aureus Strep pyogenes Strep agalactiae

Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes and Strep agalactiae may cause this condition characterized by invasion of joint causing localized inflammation with fever

Septic arthritis

Autoimmune disease prompted by infection at distal parts of body, not infection of the joint

Reactive arthritis

Does Reactive arthritis or Septic arthritis involve infection of the joint?

Septic arthritis (joint is invaded by microbe) Reactive arthritis is autoimmune disease prompted by infection at distal parts of body - NOT infection of the joint

Infection of bone or bone marrow

Osteomyelitis

Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia may develop Osteomyelitis due to infection with this organism

Salmonella