Infectious Diseases Flashcards
_________ immunity is the 2nd line of defense.
adaptive immunity
What type of defense is rapid, immediate, and non-specific?
innate immunity
What type of defense is specific, slower, targeted, and a learned response?
adaptive immunity
excessive immune responses can lead to ________
allergies
inadequate immune responses lead to __________
AIDS/Cancer
inappropriate immune response leads to _________
auto-immunity
overwhelmed immune response leads to _________
septic shock
This type of immunity last few weeks or months, goes away; transferred from mother to fetus.
passive immunity
This type of immunity is when body makes its own antibodies; immunization; longer lived; adaptive immune response (involves memory B cells and T cells)
active immunity
any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism is called?
host
Incubation is the first stage in the course of infection. What happens during this stage?
active replication
presence of microbes that are not harmful is called?
colonization
The second stage of infection course is _________: the start of symptoms.
prodrome
The third phase of infection course is the acute phase, characterized by ____________.
max disease
Recovery and containment occurs during the _________ phase of the course of infection.
convalescence
What are some examples of causative agents?
bacteria fungi prions virus parasites
How the agent exits a reservoir is called the ___________. It includes body fluids, shedding skin, and sneezing
portal of exit
What are some examples of how a microbe enters a host and what is this called?
portal of entry
maternal, respiratory, parenteral, enteral, skin/mucus membrane
True or False. Universal precautions is the assumption that blood and certain body fluids from select patient may contain transmissible pathogens.
False. Assume ANY pt is infected.
What type of infection has precautions that personnel wear N95 mask or respirator and pts wear surgical mask when leaving the room?
airborne
Clostridium difficile is a __________ infection that requires contact-plus precautions. Common in the elderly and those on prolonged ________.
nosocomial; antibiotics
With _________ precautions, pts should wear respirator when transported from room and staff should wear mask for close contact.
droplet
How long should hands be washed with soap and water?
15 sec
_________ immunity is the 1st line of defense.
innate immunity
What is the chain of infection?
causative agent–>reservoir–>portal of exit–> mode of transmission–>portal of entry>susceptible host
What is the course of infection?
incubation prodrome acute phase convalescence resolution
