Infectious Diseases

Question 1

_________ immunity is the 2nd line of defense.

Answer 1

adaptive immunity

Question 2

What type of defense is rapid, immediate, and non-specific?

Answer 2

innate immunity

Question 3

What type of defense is specific, slower, targeted, and a learned response?

Answer 3

adaptive immunity

Question 4

excessive immune responses can lead to ________

Answer 4

allergies

Question 5

inadequate immune responses lead to __________

Answer 5

AIDS/Cancer

Question 6

inappropriate immune response leads to _________

Answer 6

auto-immunity

Question 7

overwhelmed immune response leads to _________

Answer 7

septic shock

Question 8

This type of immunity last few weeks or months, goes away; transferred from mother to fetus.

Answer 8

passive immunity

Question 9

This type of immunity is when body makes its own antibodies; immunization; longer lived; adaptive immune response (involves memory B cells and T cells)

Answer 9

active immunity

Question 10

any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism is called?

Answer 10

host

Question 11

Incubation is the first stage in the course of infection. What happens during this stage?

Answer 11

active replication

Question 12

presence of microbes that are not harmful is called?

Answer 12

colonization

Question 13

The second stage of infection course is _________: the start of symptoms.

Answer 13

prodrome

Question 14

The third phase of infection course is the acute phase, characterized by ____________.

Answer 14

max disease

Question 15

Recovery and containment occurs during the _________ phase of the course of infection.

Answer 15

convalescence

Question 16

What are some examples of causative agents?

Answer 16

bacteria
fungi
prions
virus
parasites

Question 17

How the agent exits a reservoir is called the ___________. It includes body fluids, shedding skin, and sneezing

Answer 17

portal of exit

Question 18

What are some examples of how a microbe enters a host and what is this called?

Answer 18

portal of entry

maternal, respiratory, parenteral, enteral, skin/mucus membrane

Question 19

True or False. Universal precautions is the assumption that blood and certain body fluids from select patient may contain transmissible pathogens.

Answer 19

False. Assume ANY pt is infected.

Question 20

What type of infection has precautions that personnel wear N95 mask or respirator and pts wear surgical mask when leaving the room?

Answer 20

airborne

Question 21

Clostridium difficile is a __________ infection that requires contact-plus precautions. Common in the elderly and those on prolonged ________.

Answer 21

nosocomial; antibiotics

Question 22

With _________ precautions, pts should wear respirator when transported from room and staff should wear mask for close contact.

Answer 22

droplet

Question 23

How long should hands be washed with soap and water?

Answer 23

15 sec

Question 24

_________ immunity is the 1st line of defense.

Answer 24

innate immunity

Question 25

What is the chain of infection?

Answer 25

causative agent–>reservoir–>portal of exit–> mode of transmission–>portal of entry>susceptible host

Question 26

What is the course of infection?

Answer 26

incubation
prodrome
acute phase
convalescence
resolution