Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
In pts with DM, what % of deaths are attributed to cardiovascular disease?
50-80%
What are the symptoms of DM type 1?
WIFE UP Weight loss Irritability Fatigue Extreme hunger
Unusual thirst
Polyuria-frequent urination
What are the symptoms of DM type 2?
WIFE UP "its better to capitulate" Weight loss Irritability Fatigue Extreme hunger
Unusual thirst
Polyuria-frequent urination
PLUS Infection (gum, skin, bladder) Blurred Vision Tingling/numbness in hands/feet Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal
What HgA1C value is associated with diabetes?
> 6.5%
Above what value of HgA1C is considered DM?
> 126 mg/dL
What is a normal range for fasting blood glucolse levels?
60-100
What is Type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of insulin cells at islets of langerhans. Childhood diabetes. Beta cell destruction with insulin resistance.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
insulin resistance with insulin deficiency
What % of DM does type 2 account for?
90% it is PREVENTABLE!!!!
Who is more susceptible to Type 2 DM?
2-6x more susceptible African Americans, hispanic americans, Pima Indians, and Native Americans compared to whites
Why are daily skin checks needed for DM patients?
Can loose sensation, need to make sure you do not have any wounds that you cannot feel
What are Siemmes-Weinstein microfilaments?
Used to check sensation of extremities
What is silent ischemia?
An objective finding that suggests the pt has myocardial ischemia.
Why don’t patients know they have silent ischemia?
There is usually autonomic deinnervation which contributes to lack of sensation.
When does silent ischemia most often occur?
In the morning in correlation with circadian rhythm in setting of increased oxygen consumption.
What is someone with DM’s response to exercise?
Hypertensive during but hypotensive post workout
What type of blood pressure response will someone with type 1 DM have during exercise?
They will have a blunted response where it will go up and down but not as much
What are some hand and wrist pathologies associated with
Carpal tunnel
dupuyntren’s contracture
Trigger finger
Diabetic sclerodactyly
What is charcots foot?
Loss of sensation and blood supply to foot causing repeated trauma and joint destruction
