Aging

Question 1

How do the following factors influence BP?
↑ Vascular tone
↑ Afterload
↑ Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (rest, exercise)
LV Hypertrophy

Answer 1

increase systolic and diastolic BP

Question 2

The following factors lead to ______________.
o ↓ Early diastolic filling
o ↑ Dependency on atrial contraction
o ↑ Contraction-relaxation time (prolonged)

Answer 2

decreased cardiac output

Question 3

↑ Anaerobic metabolism during dynamic exercise leads to what cardiovascular change?

Answer 3

↓ O2 delivery

↓ a-vO2 difference

Question 4

SA node pacemaking cells decrease with aging, influencing the conduction system. There is also atrophy and fibrosis of what element?

Answer 4

L bundle branches

cool fact: ~10% of pacemaking cells after 75 yoa

Question 5

Increased stiffness within CT and respiratory muscle leads to what major change?

Answer 5

increased work of breathing

Question 6

Increased fx risk, osteoporosis, and long/incomplete bone healing are a result of what three major changes?

Answer 6

decreased Ca, vitamin D, bone mass

Question 7

Joint changes result in increased stiffness due to what major factors?

Answer 7

decreased h2o content, increased size of collagen fibers, accumulation of fibrin

Question 8

o Increased rigidity of trachea and bronchi
o Decreased elasticity of bronchiolar walls
o Decreased cilia
What are two major results of the above changes?

Answer 8

Decreased dilation

Decreased secretion mobilization