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Pathophysiology > Abnormal CV Response (exam 3) > Flashcards

Abnormal CV Response (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Q=SV*HR, amt of blood pumped through the body per minute

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2
Q

What is a normal cardiac output?

A

4-8 L/min

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3
Q

Normal HR values

A

60-100 bpm

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4
Q

Normal respiratory rates

A

12-20

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5
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

120/80

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6
Q

Normal SpO2

A

98-100 (age effect is minimal)

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7
Q

Effect of exercise on HR

A

HR goes up

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8
Q

What is a blunted response? Who gets it

A

HR goes up, not as much. DM or beta blockers

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9
Q

What happens to BP with exercise?

A

Goes up

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10
Q

What does it mean if your BP does not go up during exercise?

A

Cardiac Output is going down

If your highly trained, workload is not high enough

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11
Q

What happens toRR with exercise?

A

Goes up

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12
Q

What happens to SpO2 with exercise?

A

stays same

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13
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Amt of blood ejected out of the heart each beat

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14
Q

What is the stroke volume dependent on?

A

Preload (venous return), Contractility, Afterload

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15
Q

What are some factors that influence heart rate?

A

Intrinsic rhythm and autonomic regulation

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16
Q

What is venous return? What effect will it have?

A

Amt of blood returned to heart from periphery. If you have less venous return, then you will have a lower End Diastolic Volume and lower cardiac output

17
Q

What is the Frank-Sterling Relationship?

A

Length tension relationship btwn myocardium and strength of contraction?

18
Q

What is afterload?

A

Amount of force required by heart to overcome pressure of aortic valve to send blood out into the system. Higher force needed, less blood can be pumped out

19
Q

What are the 4 factors that cause an abnormal effect on the CV system?

A

Heart Rate, Rhythm, volume, pressure

20
Q

What is resting HR in reference to?

A

In reference to baseline

21
Q

What is chronotropic Incompetence?

A

Inability for heart rate to increase in response to increased activity and/or inability to achieve 85% of HR max

22
Q

What is chronotropic Incompetence associated with?

A

Left Ventricle dysfunction, myocardial ischemia and increased mortality

23
Q

What are some potential causes or associations of Chronotropic incompetence?

A 
Older age
Presence of CAD
Smoking 
Exercise inteolerance
LV dialation
Ischemia
SA or AV node dysfunction 
Issue with modulating autonomic tone
24
Q

What does a delayed decrease in HR during 1st minute of recovery lead to?

A

increased mortality

25
Q

What are some pathologies that will give you an abnormal HR response?

A 
Medications
Heart transplant
Autonomic dysfunction
Ischemia 
Mechanical support
26
Q

What are the two types of arrhythmias?

A

Atrial and ventricular

27
Q

Atrial/Ventricular arrythmias are not predictive of mortality or a diagnostic for CAD?

A

Atrial

28
Q

What is a drop in systolic blood pressure associated with?

A

severe CAD and ischemic LV dysfunction. Can also identify those at risk for Ventricular fibrillation

29
Q

What is the normal response to standing?

A

500-1000 mL pooling of blood in legs decrease venous return to heart decrease CO and BP decrease arterial barorecptor response and increased sympathetic activity increased venous return, PVR, CO, limits fall in BP</p>

30
Q

What is orthostasis?

A

When going from sitting to standing, the SBP drops >20 mmHG and the DBP drops >10 mmHg. THis must happen within 3 minutes of standing or at least 60 degrees on a tilt table.

31
Q

What are some confounding variables for orthostasis?

A

Food ingestion, time of day, state of hydration, ambient temperature, recent recumbency, postural reconditioning, hypertension, medications, gender, age

32
Q

What are some medications that cause orthostasis?

A 
Antidepressants
Beta and alpha blockers
ACE inhibitors
Vasodilators/nitrates
Calcium channel blockers
Opiates
33
Q

What are some causes of Orthostasis?

A

Decreased intravascular volume
Autonomic insufficency
alcohol consumption (impairs vasoconstriction)
aging

34
Q

What does POTS stand for?

A

Postural Tachycardia Syndrome? Sustained HR increase of > 30 bpm w/in 10 minutes f standing or head-up tilt without orthostatic hypotension

35
Q

Who is POTS more common in?

A

women

36
Q

What are some symptoms of POTS?

A

lightheadedness, visual blurring

37
Q

How do you treat orthostasis?

A

Medications (midodrine, florinef)
Diet (increased salt)
Compression (LE compression therapy: 40-60 mmHg, abdominal binder

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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