Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What is infection?
Tissue invasion by microorganisms causing disease
How are infections classified?
Community acquired
Health-care associated
What are important factors in the medical history?
Foreign travel
Occupation
Pets
Sex
Drugs
Injections
HIV
What are the baseline investigations for an infection?
liver function tests
Urinalysis
Chest X ray
What are the most common viral infections?
Herpes
HIV
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 herpes?
Type 1: transmitted through saliva
Type 2: transmitted through sex
What is the clinical significance of herpes?
Causes severe ulcers around the mouth, genitals, eyes
Mortality rate 80% if baby catches
What is herpes zoster and how does it present?
Viral infection
Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus
Painful self limited rash
What are the complications of herpes zoster?
Post hermetic neuralgia
Will feel itchy and area is sensitive
Hyperalgesia
How do we treat herpes zoster?
Acyclovir
What is the limitation of treatment of herpes zoster?
No effect on post hermetic neuralgia
What is the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr virus
What are the clinical features of mononucleosis?
Anorexia
Malaise
Fever
Sore throat
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Macular Rash
Tonsillitis
What are the long term complications of infectious mononucleosis?
Hepatitis
Respiratory obstruction
Ruptured spleen
How do we diagnose mononucleosis?
Mono spot test
What virus causes chickenpox?
Varicella zoster virus
What are the complications of chicken pox?
Pneumonia
Neurological
Cellulitis
How do we treat chicken pox?
Antihistamines
Acyclovir
What virus causes mumps?
Paramyxovirus
How is mumps spread?
Droplet infection
What are the clinical features of mumps?
60% symptomatic
Fever
Malaise
Enlargement of parotid gland
Earache
Swallowing and submandibular glands affected
What are the complications of mumps?
Neurological
Meningitis
Affects: ovaries, thyroid, pancreas and breasts
How do we treat mumps?
Good OH
Scrotal support
Bed rest
What are the childhood exanthems for mumps?
Measles
German measles
Mononucleosis
Scarlet fever
Erythema
What is the virus that causes measles?
Paramyxovirus
What are the clinical features of measles?
Conjunctivitis
Lymphadenopathy
Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa
Rash
What are the complications of measles?
Gingivostomatitis
What is German measles caused by?
Rubella
What is the difference between measles and German measles?
German measles doesn’t cause gingivostomatitis
Can cause build up of mucus in airway
What causes enteroviral infections?
Coxsackie virus a and b
What is an example of enteroviral infection?
Hand foot and mouth disease
What are the clinical features of enteroviral infections?
Fever
Malaise
Anorexia
Sore throat
Vesicular rash
Hands 65%
What is parvovirus B19?
Erythema infectiosum
Slapped cheeks
How are hepatitis B and C spread?
Infected blood
HBV in saliva
What are the clinical features of HCV?
Lichenoid reaction
Xerostomia
Wha type of infection is scarlet fever?
Bacteria
What is scarlet fever caused by?
Beta haemolytic streptococci
What are the clinical features of scarlet fever?
Pharyngeal infection
Rash that blanches on pressure
Strawberry tongue
What is the incubation phase of whooping cough?
7 days
Build up of mucus 1-2 weeks
What gram negative bacilli causes whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
What are the clinical features of whooping cough?
4-6 weeks inspiratory whoop cough
Vomiting
Laceration of lingual fraenum
How do we test for whooping cough?
Para nasal swabs
Immunofluorescent antibody test
Is TB viral or bacterial?
Bacterial
Rising in the UK
What is the cause of TB?
Myobacterium tuberculosis
Which vaccine immunises against TB?
BCG
What is seen in the mouth of TB?
Swelling of gums and lips
What is a relevant fungal infection?
Oral candidiasis
