Dermatology Pathology Flashcards
What are the 5 main functions of the skin?
Protection
Theroreguation
Neuro receptor
Antigen processing
Metabolism of Vit D
What is the epidermis made up of?
Keratinocytes
Impermeable barrier
Protect against UV
What is the basement membrane zone function?
Barrier
Adhesion between epidermis and dermis
Cell signalling
What is the function of the dermis?
Nourishment to epidermis
Embryogenesis and wound repair
What is the dermis made up of?
Connective tissue
Blood vessels
Nerves
Apocrine glands
What counts as primary lesions?
Macule, papule, nodule
Patch, plaque
Vesicle
What counts as secondary lesions?
Crust
Lichenificatino
Scar
Ulcer
What are the 5 types of eczema?
Atopic dermatitis
Contact allergic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Lichen simplex
Contact irritant dermatitis
What is atopic dermatitis?
Genetic
Allergen
Associated with asthma, rhinitis
Flexor surfaces
What are the 2 types of atopic dermatitis?
Acute - erythema, weeping, papules
Chronic - dryness, lichenification, hyperpigmentation
What is the treatment for atopic dermatitis?
Topical steroids
Antihistamines
Antibiotics
What is contact allergic dermatitis?
Type 4 hypersensitivity
Latex
Immunological
What is the dental relevance of eczema?
Could be on corticosteroids
Cheilitis
What are the 4 subtypes of psoriasis?
Chronic plaque
Guttate
Erythrodermic
Pustular
What does psoriasis look like?
Symmetrical
Well defined
Erythematous plaque
Silvery scale
What is the treatment for psoriasis?
Betnovate
Phototherapy
Methotrexate
Corticosteroids
What is the dental relevance of psoriasis?
Immunosuppressed
What are the 3 types of mucocutaneous diseases?
Lichen planus
Autoimmune blistering
Pruritus
What does lichen planus look like?
Flat topped
Shiny papules
Symmetrical
Flexor and lower back
What is the treatment for lichen planus?
Corticosteroids
Systemic - prednisolone
What is the dental relevance of lichen planus?
Corticosteroids so risk of infection
What are the mai types of skin tumour?
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is basal cell carcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm
From basal layer of keratinocytes
Sun exposed sites
How does basal cell carcinoma present?
Erythematous modular lesion
Superficial dilated capillaries
Don’t usually metastasise
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
From keratinocytes but have potential for metric spread via lymphatics
Sun exposed places
How does squamous cell carcinoma present?
Modular tumour
Ulcerative
Painful
What is a melanoma?
Derived from melanocytes of the basal layer of epidermis
From moles
Metastasise early
Flat - fast metastasis
How does a melanoma present?
Dark with light surrounding halo
Change in shape
Itching and bleeding
Bigger than 5mm
What are risk factors for a melanoma?
Sun exposure
White skin
What are the 4 histological subtypes of a melanoma?
Superficial - expanding flat
Nodular - rapidly growing
Lentigo - slow growing
Acral
