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HUD > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cranial nerve exam for Olfactory nerve 1?

A

Smell
Citrus smells

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2
Q

What is the cranial nerve exam for Optic nerve 2?

A

Visual activity
Visual field - look at nose
Pupillary reflexes - shine light

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3
Q

What are the possible lesions based on optic nerve testing?

A

Left optic nerve lesion - left direct lost, right consensual lost
Left oculomotor nerve lesion - left direct and consensual lost

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4
Q

Which nerves are afferent and efferent visual testing?

A

Afferent - optic nerve
Efferent - oculomotor nerve

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5
Q

What muscles do oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerve 3, 4, 6 supply?

A

Extraocular muscles
Oculomotor - recuts, inferior oblique, efferent pupils
Trochlear - superior oblique
Abducens - lateral rectus

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6
Q

What is the cranial nerve exam for oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerve 3, 4, 6?

A

Eyelid droop
Ask patient to keep her still and follow finger
Check lateral and vertical

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7
Q

What does oculomotor 3rd nerve palsy look like?

A

Caused by berry aneurysm, diabetes
Unilateral ptosis
Eye looks down and out
Dilated pupil
Pupil fixed to light

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8
Q

What does trochlear 4th nerve palsy look like?

A

Double vision
Looking down and in

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9
Q

What does abducens 6th nerve palsy look like?

A

Double vision
Looking laterally

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10
Q

What are the causes of unilateral ptosis?

A

Horners syndrome - constricted pupil
3rd nerve lesion

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11
Q

What nerve provides facial sensation and masticatory muscles?

A

Trigeminal nerve:
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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12
Q

What are the tests for sensory and motor function of trigeminal nerve 5?

A

Sensory - light touch
Motor - ask patient to clench, palpate muscles

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13
Q

What are the effects of upper motor neruon lesion of trigeminal?

A

Affects just the mouth

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14
Q

What are the effects of lower motor neuron lesion of trigeminal?

A

Affects forehead and mouth

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15
Q

What are the effects of motor lesions of trigeminal nerve?

A

Wasting of temporalis and masseter
Jaw opening deviates to side of lesion
Jaw reflex

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16
Q

What cranial nerve provides facial movements?

A

Facial nerve 7

17
Q

What are the motor and sensory tests for facial nerve 7?

A

Motor - facial expression, provide submandibular, sublingual salivary glands
Sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 tongue

18
Q

What are the effects of lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve?

A

Bell’s palsy
Viral
Parotid surgery or tumour
Unilateral facial palsy
Loss of taster anterior 2/3

19
Q

What are the effects of the upper motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve?

A

CVA
Unilateral facial palsy
Contra lateral
Forehead is spared - bilateral innervation to forehead

20
Q

What cranial nerve provides hearing?

A

Vestibulo chochlear nerve 8

21
Q

How do you test for vestibulocochlear nerve 8?

A

Whisper a number in one ear while masking the other

22
Q

What are some consequences of vestibular dysfunction?

A

Vertigo
Poor balance
Nystagmus

23
Q

What cranial nerves controls speech, swallow, palatal movement?

A

Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

24
Q

What sensory deos glossopharyngeal nerve 9 provide?

A

Sensory to tonsil lar fossa
Pharynx
Taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

25
Q

What are the effects of a glossopharyngeal nerve lesion?

A

Nasopharyngeal tumour
Depressed gag reflex

26
Q

What motor function does the vagus nerve provide?

A

Motor to palate, pharynx, larynx
Check by saying ahhh for palatal movement

27
Q

What are the effects of 9th or 10th nerve lesion?

A

Dysarthria - difficulty speaking

28
Q

How do you test for the accessory nerve 11?

A

Shoulder shrug against resistance
Rotation of head against resistence

29
Q

What motor innervation does accessory nerve 11 supply?

A

Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

30
Q

What cranial nerve controls tongue movement?

A

Hypoglossal

31
Q

What is indicative of a lower motor neuron lesion of the hypoglossal?

A

Wasting
Fasciculations
Deviation of tongue to side of lesion

32
Q

What are the effects of an upper motor neuron lesion in the hypoglossal?

A

Bilateral
Tongue spasm
Movements slow and limited

33
Q

What happens in there is cerebellar lesion of the tongue?

A

Alternating tongue movements
Slow and irregular

34
Q

What are the causes of Horners syndrome?

A

Interruption of sympathetic fibres to one eye
Cervical cord
Lung tumour spread
Neck trauma
Malignant lymph nodes

35
Q

What type of disorder is bulbar palsy?

A

Lower motor neruon
Could be motor neurone disease, tumour in medulla
Tongue wastes

36
Q

What type of disorder is pseudobulbar palsy?

A

Upper motor neuron disorder
Due to bilateral lesions- stroke, MS
Caused by paralysis of lower cranial nerves
Slurred speech, Dysphagia, hoarse voice
Tongue not wasted - slow and stiff movements

HUD (16 decks)

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