Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUD > Gastro Pathology > Flashcards

Gastro Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 ways gastrointestinal disorders can be divided into?

A

Inflammatory - peptic ulcer disease, coeliac, Crohns, ulcerative colitis
Neoplastic - carcinoma of the oesophagus, stomach, colon
Functional - achalasia, diverticulosis, IBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What three things do oesophageal disorders present with?

A

Dysphasia - difficulty swallowing
Pain - acid reflux, spasm, similar to cardiac pain
Cough/vomit - reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

Herniation of mucosa
Weakness in pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Behind sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does a pharyngeal pouch present?

A

Hangs due to gravity
Dysphagia
Swelling in lower neck on left side
Regurgitation
Overflow into lungs - respiratiory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 causes of dysphagia?

A

Obstructive - tumours, inflammation, fibrosis, drugs, surgery, narrowing
Neuromuscular - stroke, Parkinson’s, MS, spasm, achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Loss of ganglia from intramural plexus
LOS does no relax
Oesophagi does not empty
Failure of peristalsis and dilation of oesophagus
Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for achalasia?

A

Nifedipine to relax sphincter
Balloon dilation
Cardiomyotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some causes of an oesophageal spasm?

A

Achalasia
Reflux
Motor disorders
Obstruction
Neuromuscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does oesophageal web occur?

A

Mucosa turns to atrophic, fibrous stricture
Upper end of oesophagus
Web on barium swallow
Pre-malignant
Iron deficiency anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for oesophageal web?

A

Dilatation of stricture
Correction of iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the causes of carcinoma of oesophagus?

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Pharyngeal pouch
Peptic ulcer disease
Achalasia
Coeliac
Iron deficiency - oesophageal web

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pathology of oesophageal carcinomas?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Spread to lymph nodes
Metastasises to liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical features of carcinomas of the oesophagus?

A

Dysphagia
Pain on swallowing
Local spread pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment of oesophageal carcinomas?

A

Surgery for cure
Radiotherapy - not adenocarcinoma
Stenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the dental relevance of oesophagus carcinoma?

A

Dysphagia could be malignancy
Medicines in liquid form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What areas do peptic ulcers affect?

A

Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cause of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Mucosal inflammation - H. Pylori infection
Oesophagus ulceration - acid reflux
Stomach ulceration - NSAIDs
Duodenal ulceration - gastric acid production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pathology of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Ulcers lead to healing with scarring - strictures
Chronic ulcers
Acute perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the clinical features of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Pain relieved by eating
Stricture - vomiting
Perforation - vomit blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Antacids
H2 blockers
Proton pump ihibitors
Eradicate H. Pylori infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the dental relevance of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Do not prescribe NSAIDs

22
Q

Which 2 places does IBS affect?

A

Small intestine - low organisms, aciduric, streptococci, lactobacilli
Large intestine - complex, obligate anaerobes, E. coli

23
Q

What is the cause of coeliac disease?

A

Sensitivity to gluten
Autoimmune disorder of small intestine
Genetic

24
Q

What are the clinical features of coeliac disease?

A

Change in bowel habit
Frequency
Bulky poo
Abdominal colic, weight loss
Stunted growth in children

25
Q

What is the dental relevance of coeliac disease?

A

Malabsorption
B12, Iron - glossitis, burning mouth, anaemia
Vit K - bleeding
Vit D - osteomalacia
Enamel defects

26
Q

What does chrons disease affect?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease
GI tract
Usually termino ileum - small bowel

27
Q

What is the cause of Chrons?

A

Unknown

28
Q

What is the pathology of chrons?

A

Thickness of bowel wall
Fistulas and fissures

29
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chrons?

A

Intermittent abdominal pain
Anaemia
Weight loss
Diarrhoea
Uveitis
Clubbing
Arthritis

30
Q

What is the dental relevance of chrons?

A

Ulceration
Cobblestone
Labial swelling
Mucosal tags
Immunosuppression increases infection risk

31
Q

What is the treatment for chrons?

A

Correct nutrition deficiencies
Immunosuppressives
Surgical stoma bag

32
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

Chronic IBS
Affects large bowel of colon
Backwash of terminal ileum
Inner lining

33
Q

What is the cause of ulcerative colitis?

A

Unknown
Genetic

34
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chrons?

A

Rectum
Painless
Bloody diarrhoea with mucus
Superficial ulceration in colon

35
Q

What is the treatment for ulcerative colitis?

A

High protein fibre diet
Corticosteroids for acute
Azathioprine long term
Surgical

36
Q

What is the dental relevance of ulcerative colitis?

A

Oral ulceration
Anaemia due to blood loss
Immunosuppression increased risk of infection
Corticosteroids

37
Q

What is carcinoma of the colon predisposed by?

A

Neoplastic polyps
Long ulcerative colitis
Family history

38
Q

What is the clinical presentation of carcinoma of the colon?

A

Unexplained anaemia
Mass on rectal
Left tumour - bleeding, COBH
Right tumour - anaemia, weight loss, ab pain
Both - obstruction, perforation, haemorrhage, fistula

39
Q

Where does carcinoma of the colon spread to?

A

Via lymphatics
Liver
Lung
Bone

40
Q

What are the 4 stages of colon carcinoma?

A

A: confined to bowel wall
B: extension through bowel wall
C: regional lymph nodes
D: distant metastases

41
Q

What is the dental relevance of colon carcinoma?

A

Anaemia
Osteomalacia, Gardners increased risk

42
Q

What is diverticular disease?

A

Herniation of bowel mucosa
Through bowel wall
Occurs at weak point pierced by blood vessels

43
Q

What is the cause of diverticulitis?

A

Low fibre diet
Segmental contraction
High pressure zones

44
Q

What is the treatment for diverticular disease?

A

High fibre diet
Surgery

45
Q

How des IBS present?

A

Intermittent diarrhoea
Ab pain
Bloating

46
Q

What is IBS caused by?

A

Psychological
Food intolerances

47
Q

What is the treatment for IBS?

A

High fibre diet
Avoidance of dietary trigger

48
Q

What is the dental relevance of IBS?

A

Facial pain
Burning mouth
TMJ

49
Q

What is haematemesis?

A

Vomiting of blood
Upper GI bleeding

50
Q

What ishaematemesis caused by?

A

Congenital
H. Pylori induced ulceration
NSAIDs, warfarin
Inflammatory
Neoplasia, fistula

HUD (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions