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HUD > Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Where do T lymphocytes originate from?

A

Stem cells in bone marrow
Mature in thymus

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2
Q

What is the function of T helper cells?

A

Regulate and activate immune cells

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3
Q

What cell surface protein do T helper cells express?

A

CD4

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4
Q

What is the function of cytotoxic T cell?

A

Recognise cells infected by intracellular pathogen
Induce apoptosis
Secrete TNF, perforin, Fas

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5
Q

What cell surface do cytotoxic T cells express?

A

CD8

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6
Q

How many polypeptides make up alpha beta T cell antigen receptor?

A

2

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7
Q

What does the T cell antigen receptor bind to?

A

MHC I or II on target cell surface

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8
Q

What MHC class do CD4 bind to?

A

MHC class II

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9
Q

What MHC class do CD8 bind to?

A

MHC class I

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10
Q

How do we generate unique specificity in T cell antigen receptors?

A

Alpha beta chain form antigen recognition site
DNA recombination

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11
Q

Which cells express MHC I?

A

All cells

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12
Q

What are the 3 gene loci that code for MHC I?

A

HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C

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13
Q

Which cells express MHC II?

A

Antigen presenting cells: macrophages & dendritic cells
Activated B and T cells

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14
Q

What are the 3 gene loci that code for MHC II?

A

HLA-DR
HLA-DP
HLA-DQ

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15
Q

What are naive T cells activated by?

A

Mature dendritic cells

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16
Q

Where does T cell activation happen?

A

Lymph nodes

17
Q

What are the differences between MHC I and II antigen processing?

A

MHC I: antigen uptake, processing and transported by TAP
MHC II: endocytosis and digestion

18
Q

Which interleukins are associated with Th1?

A

IL-2
IFNy

19
Q

Which interleukins are associated with Th2?

A

IL-2
IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

20
Q

How is T cell immune response switched off?

A

Stimulating receptors CD28 and CD4 replaced with inhibitory receptors CTLA4 and LAG3
Apoptotic receptors

21
Q

How does T cell selection work?

A

Positive and negative selection in the thymus
Must not be self reactive

22
Q

Where exactly does positive and negative selection happen?

A

Positive in thymus cortex
Negative in thymus medulla

HUD (16 decks)

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