Infectious Disease

Question 1

Most devastating pandemic in recorder world history?

Answer 1

spanish flu 1918-1919

Question 2

More than ___% of deaths from infectious
diseases worldwide are caused by a handful of
diseases

Answer 2

90

Question 3

infectious diseases account for ___ of the 10 leading causes of death.

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Wjat contributes to growing imapct of infectious diseases?

Answer 4

Poverty, lack of access to health care, antibiotic
resistance, evolving human migration patterns,
new infectious agents, and changing environmental and developmental activities a

Question 5

What causes infectious diseases?

Answer 5

pathogens (diases-causing microorganism that grows in or on the body, damaging tissue, inducing inflammation, and triggering familiar signs) (can be endogenous or exogenous)

Question 6

what is the word pathogen dervied from?

Answer 6

Greek for “to cause suffering’

Question 7

What does it mean if a disease is contagious or communicable?

Answer 7

transmitted directly by human contact

Question 8

Ways infectious dieases transmit?

Answer 8

human contact (direct or indirect)
inhalation or droplet nuclei
ingestion of contaminated food or water
inoculaton by insect or anima l
rabies can be transmitted by the bite of a rabid
raccoon, and cholera is transmitted by drinking
fecal-contaminated water.

Question 9

What is eidemiology?

Answer 9

study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease.

Question 10

What is prevalence?

Answer 10

number of existing cases of a disease which shows how signifcaint the disease is in a certain population

Question 11

What is an endemic disease?

Answer 11

disease always occurs in low levels in a population

Question 12

example of endemic diseases?

Answer 12

ST infectious D

Question 13

What is an epidemic disease?

Answer 13

unudually large number over a sepciifc area

Question 14

What is an example of epidemic?

Answer 14

influenza

Question 15

What is a pandemic + example

Answer 15

several areas worldwide - ex is HIV/AIDS

Question 16

What is an outbreak?

Answer 16

a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides

Question 17

What r notifiable diseases?

Answer 17

certain infectious diseases that physicians must report to the CDC

Question 18

Examples of notifiable diseases?

Answer 18

chlamydial infections, measles, mumps,
polio, tuberculosis, Legionnaires’ disease, and
tetanus

Question 19

What is the sorce of an infectious disease called?

Answer 19

a resevoir

Question 20

What are some examples of reservoirs

Answer 20

humans, animals, insects, soli and water

Question 21

What are carriers?

Answer 21

ppl with the infectious disease but no s/s

Question 22

What is a horizontal transmission?

Answer 22

infectious disease from reservoir to human

Question 23

What is direct transmission + example?

Answer 23

infectious agent is spread through direct physical contact

examples are kissing, touching, sex, touching infected animal or insect

Question 24

What are some diseases that transmit primarily through direct transmission?

Answer 24

ringwork, HIV/AIDS, common cold and the flu

Question 25

How far do contaminated particles from a sneezze spreaad?

Answer 25

3 feet

Question 26

What is indirect transmission + examples?

Answer 26

pathogen stays in the environment on the outside of the host for a long time without infecting anyone else examples r tuberculosis and measles

Question 27

What are fomites?

Answer 27

contaminated inanimate objects that can spread disease

Question 28

how are GI diseases such as cholera and rotavirus infection transmitted?

Answer 28

through contaminated food or beverage that enter via the fecal-oral route

Question 29

What is vertical transmission + examples ?

Answer 29

passed from one generation to the next HIV/AIDS, syphilis, ophthalmia neonatorum

Question 30

What is one of the most frequetly used entries for pathogens?

Answer 30

respiratory tract

Question 31

What is the parenteral route?

Answer 31

pathogen enters body through punctures, injection, bites and surgery

Question 32

What are noscomial infections?

Answer 32

those acquired at a healthcare facility

Question 33

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that _________ patients in the United States contract a nosocomial infection each year and _____ die as a result.

Answer 33

1.7 million 99,000

Question 34

What is the most common nosocomial infection

Answer 34

UTI - 32% infections at surgical site - 22% lung infection - 15% bloodstream infection (sepsis) - 14%

Question 34

What is the most common nosocomial infection

Answer 34

UTI - 32% infections at surgical site - 22% lung infection - 15% bloodstream infection (sepsis) - 14%

Question 35

What is our microbiota

Answer 35

aka normal flora, its the 100 trillion microorganisms present in and on our body

Question 36

What does normal flora do?

Answer 36

helps protect our body from other harmful organisms and produce vitamins if not monitored, can become opportunistic pathogens in a surgical wound or if pt is in a weakened or immune-compromised person

Question 37

What is the single most important way to prevent nosocomial infections?

Answer 37

washing your hands

Question 38

What is isolation?

Answer 38

keep the infected person away from general population

Question 39

What is quarantine?

Answer 39

Seperate possibly sick ppl from healthy ppl until period of infectious risk has passed

Question 40

Respiratory etiquette:

Answer 40

sneeze or cough into elbow, handkerchief or upper arm or elbow wash hands and discard tissues after coughing or sneezing washing hands

Question 41

What is the only way to completely eradicate a disease?

Answer 41

vaccination - ex is smallpox

Question 42

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimates that ______ workers in the health care industry and related occupations are at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens

Answer 42

5.6 million

Question 43

The rate of HBV transmission to susceptible health care workers ranges from ____% after a single needlestick exposure to an HBV-infected patient.

Answer 43

6–30

Question 44

if a susceptible worker is exposed to HBV, postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin and initiation of hepatitis B vaccine is more than ___% effective in preventing HBV infection

Answer 44

90

Question 45

The average risk for infection after a needlestick or cut exposure to HCV-infected blood is approx ____%

Answer 45

1.8%

Question 46

The average risk of HIV infection after needlestick exposure or cut exposure to HIV-infected blood is ___%

Answer 46

0.3

Question 47

cardinal s/s of local infection?

Answer 47

signs - redness, selling , heat, pain, fever, pus, enlarged lypmh glands and red streaks symptoms - fever, headache, body aches, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite and delirium

Question 48

How do pathogens cause disease?

Answer 48

1. invasion and local destruction of living tissue 2. intoxication or production of substances aht r poisonous to body

Question 49

How does body protect from infection?

Answer 49

1. natural mechanical and chemical barrieres (skin, cilia, body pH, normal body flora) 2. inflammaotry response 3. immune response

Question 50

How to diagnoe and treat infectious diseases?

Answer 50

diagnose - isolating and identifying organism thorugh lab testing treatment - antibiotcs, antifungal, antiparasitics or antivral (+ analgesics for pain, antipyretics for fever, adequate fluid intake, infecton control measure and rest)