Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Most devastating pandemic in recorder world history?

A

spanish flu 1918-1919

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2
Q

More than ___% of deaths from infectious
diseases worldwide are caused by a handful of
diseases

A

90

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3
Q

infectious diseases account for ___ of the 10 leading causes of death.

A

4

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4
Q

Wjat contributes to growing imapct of infectious diseases?

A

Poverty, lack of access to health care, antibiotic
resistance, evolving human migration patterns,
new infectious agents, and changing environmental and developmental activities a

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5
Q

What causes infectious diseases?

A

pathogens (diases-causing microorganism that grows in or on the body, damaging tissue, inducing inflammation, and triggering familiar signs) (can be endogenous or exogenous)

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6
Q

what is the word pathogen dervied from?

A

Greek for “to cause suffering’

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7
Q

What does it mean if a disease is contagious or communicable?

A

transmitted directly by human contact

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8
Q

Ways infectious dieases transmit?

A

human contact (direct or indirect)
inhalation or droplet nuclei
ingestion of contaminated food or water
inoculaton by insect or anima l
rabies can be transmitted by the bite of a rabid
raccoon, and cholera is transmitted by drinking
fecal-contaminated water.

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9
Q

What is eidemiology?

A

study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease.

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10
Q

What is prevalence?

A

number of existing cases of a disease which shows how signifcaint the disease is in a certain population

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11
Q

What is an endemic disease?

A

disease always occurs in low levels in a population

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12
Q

example of endemic diseases?

A

ST infectious D

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13
Q

What is an epidemic disease?

A

unudually large number over a sepciifc area

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14
Q

What is an example of epidemic?

A

influenza

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15
Q

What is a pandemic + example

A

several areas worldwide - ex is HIV/AIDS

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16
Q

What is an outbreak?

A

a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides

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17
Q

What r notifiable diseases?

A

certain infectious diseases that physicians must report to the CDC

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18
Q

Examples of notifiable diseases?

A

chlamydial infections, measles, mumps,
polio, tuberculosis, Legionnaires’ disease, and
tetanus

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19
Q

What is the sorce of an infectious disease called?

A

a resevoir

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20
Q

What are some examples of reservoirs

A

humans, animals, insects, soli and water

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21
Q

What are carriers?

A

ppl with the infectious disease but no s/s

22
Q

What is a horizontal transmission?

A

infectious disease from reservoir to human

23
Q

What is direct transmission + example?

A

infectious agent is spread through direct physical contact

examples are kissing, touching, sex, touching infected animal or insect

24
Q

What are some diseases that transmit primarily through direct transmission?

A

ringwork, HIV/AIDS, common cold and the flu

25
How far do contaminated particles from a sneezze spreaad?
3 feet
26
What is indirect transmission + examples?
pathogen stays in the environment on the outside of the host for a long time without infecting anyone else examples r tuberculosis and measles
27
What are fomites?
contaminated inanimate objects that can spread disease
28
how are GI diseases such as cholera and rotavirus infection transmitted?
through contaminated food or beverage that enter via the fecal-oral route
29
What is vertical transmission + examples ?
passed from one generation to the next HIV/AIDS, syphilis, ophthalmia neonatorum
30
What is one of the most frequetly used entries for pathogens?
respiratory tract
31
What is the parenteral route?
pathogen enters body through punctures, injection, bites and surgery
32
What are noscomial infections?
those acquired at a healthcare facility
33
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that _________ patients in the United States contract a nosocomial infection each year and _____ die as a result.
1.7 million 99,000
34
What is the most common nosocomial infection
UTI - 32% infections at surgical site - 22% lung infection - 15% bloodstream infection (sepsis) - 14%
34
What is the most common nosocomial infection
UTI - 32% infections at surgical site - 22% lung infection - 15% bloodstream infection (sepsis) - 14%
35
What is our microbiota
aka normal flora, its the 100 trillion microorganisms present in and on our body
36
What does normal flora do?
helps protect our body from other harmful organisms and produce vitamins if not monitored, can become opportunistic pathogens in a surgical wound or if pt is in a weakened or immune-compromised person
37
What is the single most important way to prevent nosocomial infections?
washing your hands
38
What is isolation?
keep the infected person away from general population
39
What is quarantine?
Seperate possibly sick ppl from healthy ppl until period of infectious risk has passed
40
Respiratory etiquette:
sneeze or cough into elbow, handkerchief or upper arm or elbow wash hands and discard tissues after coughing or sneezing washing hands
41
What is the only way to completely eradicate a disease?
vaccination - ex is smallpox
42
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimates that ______ workers in the health care industry and related occupations are at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens
5.6 million
43
The rate of HBV transmission to susceptible health care workers ranges from ____% after a single needlestick exposure to an HBV-infected patient.
6–30
44
if a susceptible worker is exposed to HBV, postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin and initiation of hepatitis B vaccine is more than ___% effective in preventing HBV infection
90
45
The average risk for infection after a needlestick or cut exposure to HCV-infected blood is approx ____%
1.8%
46
The average risk of HIV infection after needlestick exposure or cut exposure to HIV-infected blood is ___%
0.3
47
cardinal s/s of local infection?
signs - redness, selling , heat, pain, fever, pus, enlarged lypmh glands and red streaks symptoms - fever, headache, body aches, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite and delirium
48
How do pathogens cause disease?
1. invasion and local destruction of living tissue 2. intoxication or production of substances aht r poisonous to body
49
How does body protect from infection?
1. natural mechanical and chemical barrieres (skin, cilia, body pH, normal body flora) 2. inflammaotry response 3. immune response
50
How to diagnoe and treat infectious diseases?
diagnose - isolating and identifying organism thorugh lab testing treatment - antibiotcs, antifungal, antiparasitics or antivral (+ analgesics for pain, antipyretics for fever, adequate fluid intake, infecton control measure and rest)