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Pathophysiology - Intro > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Most devastating pandemic in recorder world history?

A

spanish flu 1918-1919

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2
Q

More than ___% of deaths from infectious
diseases worldwide are caused by a handful of
diseases

A

90

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3
Q

infectious diseases account for ___ of the 10 leading causes of death.

A

4

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4
Q

Wjat contributes to growing imapct of infectious diseases?

A

Poverty, lack of access to health care, antibiotic
resistance, evolving human migration patterns,
new infectious agents, and changing environmental and developmental activities a

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5
Q

What causes infectious diseases?

A

pathogens (diases-causing microorganism that grows in or on the body, damaging tissue, inducing inflammation, and triggering familiar signs) (can be endogenous or exogenous)

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6
Q

what is the word pathogen dervied from?

A

Greek for “to cause suffering’

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7
Q

What does it mean if a disease is contagious or communicable?

A

transmitted directly by human contact

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8
Q

Ways infectious dieases transmit?

A

human contact (direct or indirect)
inhalation or droplet nuclei
ingestion of contaminated food or water
inoculaton by insect or anima l
rabies can be transmitted by the bite of a rabid
raccoon, and cholera is transmitted by drinking
fecal-contaminated water.

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9
Q

What is eidemiology?

A

study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease.

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10
Q

What is prevalence?

A

number of existing cases of a disease which shows how signifcaint the disease is in a certain population

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11
Q

What is an endemic disease?

A

disease always occurs in low levels in a population

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12
Q

example of endemic diseases?

A

ST infectious D

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13
Q

What is an epidemic disease?

A

unudually large number over a sepciifc area

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14
Q

What is an example of epidemic?

A

influenza

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15
Q

What is a pandemic + example

A

several areas worldwide - ex is HIV/AIDS

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16
Q

What is an outbreak?

A

a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides

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17
Q

What r notifiable diseases?

A

certain infectious diseases that physicians must report to the CDC

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18
Q

Examples of notifiable diseases?

A

chlamydial infections, measles, mumps,
polio, tuberculosis, Legionnaires’ disease, and
tetanus

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19
Q

What is the sorce of an infectious disease called?

A

a resevoir

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20
Q

What are some examples of reservoirs

A

humans, animals, insects, soli and water

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21
Q

What are carriers?

A

ppl with the infectious disease but no s/s

22
Q

What is a horizontal transmission?

A

infectious disease from reservoir to human

23
Q

What is direct transmission + example?

A

infectious agent is spread through direct physical contact

examples are kissing, touching, sex, touching infected animal or insect

24
Q

What are some diseases that transmit primarily through direct transmission?

A

ringwork, HIV/AIDS, common cold and the flu

25
Q

How far do contaminated particles from a sneezze spreaad?

A

3 feet

26
Q

What is indirect transmission + examples?

A

pathogen stays in the environment on the outside of the host for a long time without infecting anyone else

examples r tuberculosis and measles

27
Q

What are fomites?

A

contaminated inanimate objects that can spread disease

28
Q

how are GI diseases such as cholera and rotavirus infection transmitted?

A

through contaminated food or beverage that enter via the fecal-oral route

29
Q

What is vertical transmission + examples ?

A

passed from one generation to the next

HIV/AIDS, syphilis, ophthalmia neonatorum

30
Q

What is one of the most frequetly used entries for pathogens?

A

respiratory tract

31
Q

What is the parenteral route?

A

pathogen enters body through punctures, injection, bites and surgery

32
Q

What are noscomial infections?

A

those acquired at a healthcare facility

33
Q

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that _________ patients in the United States contract a nosocomial infection each year and _____ die as a result.

A

1.7 million

99,000

34
Q

What is the most common nosocomial infection

A

UTI - 32%
infections at surgical site - 22%
lung infection - 15%
bloodstream infection (sepsis) - 14%

34
Q

What is the most common nosocomial infection

A

UTI - 32%
infections at surgical site - 22%
lung infection - 15%
bloodstream infection (sepsis) - 14%

35
Q

What is our microbiota

A

aka normal flora, its the 100 trillion microorganisms present in and on our body

36
Q

What does normal flora do?

A

helps protect our body from other harmful organisms and produce vitamins

if not monitored, can become opportunistic pathogens in a surgical wound or if pt is in a weakened or immune-compromised person

37
Q

What is the single most important way to prevent nosocomial infections?

A

washing your hands

38
Q

What is isolation?

A

keep the infected person away from general population

39
Q

What is quarantine?

A

Seperate possibly sick ppl from healthy ppl until period of infectious risk has passed

40
Q

Respiratory etiquette:

A

sneeze or cough into elbow, handkerchief or upper arm or elbow
wash hands and discard tissues after coughing or sneezing
washing hands

41
Q

What is the only way to completely eradicate a disease?

A

vaccination - ex is smallpox

42
Q

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimates that ______ workers in the health care industry and related occupations are at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens

A

5.6 million

43
Q

The rate of HBV transmission to susceptible
health care workers ranges from ____% after a
single needlestick exposure to an HBV-infected
patient.

A

6–30

44
Q

if a susceptible worker is exposed to HBV, postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin and initiation of hepatitis B vaccine is more than ___% effective in preventing HBV infection

A

90

45
Q

The average risk for infection after a needlestick or cut exposure to HCV-infected blood is approx ____%

A

1.8%

46
Q

The average risk of HIV infection after needlestick exposure or cut exposure to HIV-infected blood is ___%

A

0.3

47
Q

cardinal s/s of local infection?

A

signs - redness, selling , heat, pain, fever, pus, enlarged lypmh glands and red streaks

symptoms - fever, headache, body aches, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite and delirium

48
Q

How do pathogens cause disease?

A
  1. invasion and local destruction of living tissue
  2. intoxication or production of substances aht r poisonous to body
49
Q

How does body protect from infection?

A
  1. natural mechanical and chemical barrieres (skin, cilia, body pH, normal body flora)
  2. inflammaotry response
  3. immune response
50
Q

How to diagnoe and treat infectious diseases?

A

diagnose - isolating and identifying organism thorugh lab testing

treatment - antibiotcs, antifungal, antiparasitics or antivral (+ analgesics for pain, antipyretics for fever, adequate fluid intake, infecton control measure and rest)

Pathophysiology - Intro (15 decks)

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