Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What is an allergy?

A

aka as hypersensitivity - its an extreme immune reaction to a harmless antigen (aka an allergen)

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2
Q

4 types of Hypersensitivity:

A

Type I: Immediate
Type II: cytotoxic
Type III: immune-complex
Type IV: Delayed

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3
Q

What is the most common type of allergy + what is it?

A

type I, it’s an immediate rapid local response to allergen, caused by IgE which releases histamines = allergy symptoms like edema, congestion, irritation, welts, and itching of hives.

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4
Q

What is anaphylaxis = what can cause it/

A

life threatening acute, systmic, allergic reaction that can be caused by latex, peanuts, penicillin, and venom of stinging insects such as wasps and bees

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A

sudden drop in bp, rapid and weak pulse, nausea, vomiting, narrowing of airways

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6
Q

What is used to treat anaphylaxis?

A

corticosteriods, epinephrine and antihistamines

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7
Q

What is Type II hypersensitivty?

A

aka as cytotoxic bc IgM or IgG = destruction of cells

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8
Q

Example of cytotoxic hypersensitivty

A

incompatible blood transfusion (person w/ A blood gives blood to person with B blood which = antibodies interact with antigens in trasnfused RBC which cause them to agglutiante and lyse)

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9
Q

What is Type III hypersensitivty?

A

aka immune-complex hypersensitivity - antigens combine with antibodies = soluble mass called immune complexes that deposit in tissues and bv where they trigger inflammation

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10
Q

Example of immune complex hypersensitivty?

A

After a streptococcal infection,
immune complexes composed of streptococcal
antigens and antibodies might form in the kidneys, where they cause the inflammatory disease
glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

What is Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

delayed hypersensitivty bc it takes time to develop due to t cells needing time to recognize allergen and bring allergy symptoms

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12
Q

examples of type IV hypersensitivty/

A

skin reaction to poison ivy, poison oak, contanct dermatitis from wearing latex gloves and the tuberculosis skin tests

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13
Q

most common allergy test?

A

skin test where suspected allergen in placed on or below skin to assess skin’s response to allergen

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14
Q

other types of allergen test?

A

skin prick, intradermal test and skin patch test

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15
Q

What is desensitization of allergy?

A

take allergy shots of a little of the allergen so the body can build up resistence

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16
Q

Treatment for allergies?

A
  • symptomatic treatment: antihistamines, bronchial dilators, corticosteroids + desentiziation