Infection & Response- Human Defence

Question 1

Non-specific defences of the human body include: s___, n___, stomach ____, c____ and m_____.

Answer 1

Non-specific defences of the human body include: skin, nose, stomach acid and cilia and mucus.

Question 2

The immune system uses _____ _____ _____ to destroy pathogens.

Answer 2

The immune system uses white blood cells to destroy pathogens.

Question 3

White blood cells defend against pathogens by: p___________, a________ production and
a_______ production.

Answer 3

White blood cells defend against pathogens by: phagocytosis, antitoxin production and
antibody production.

Question 4

how do our eyes stop disease?

Answer 4

our eyelashes stop things entering as well as our eye lids and tears

Question 5

how do our ears stop disease?

Answer 5

ear wax, hairs

Question 6

how does our mouth stop disease?

Answer 6

lips, sliver

Question 7

how does our stomach stop disease?

Answer 7

stomach acid

Question 8

how does our nose stop disease?

Answer 8

nose hairs, mucus

Question 9

how do our genitals stop disease?

Answer 9

discharge, pubes, lower ph

Question 10

how does our skin stop disease?

Answer 10

a barrier (there is no way in)

Question 11

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 11

phagocytosis is when a white blood cell (phagocytes) ingest pathogens and destroys them

Question 12

what is stage 1 of phagocytosis?

Answer 12

stage 1:
a microbe enter the body. It has chemicals on it’s surface called ANTIGENS.

Question 13

what is stage 2 of phagocytosis?

Answer 13

stage 2:
white blood cells recognise the microbes as alien and the attach to the microbe in response

Question 14

what is stage 3 of phagocytosis?

Answer 14

stage 3:
The white blood cell ENGULFS the microbe

Question 15

what is stage 4 of phagocytosis?

Answer 15

stage 4:
The white blood cell DIGESTS the microbe

Question 16

what is the body’s first line of defence?

Answer 16

the first line of defence is our outer barriers which includes physical and chemical features.

Question 17

what is the body’s second line of defence?

Answer 17

second line of defence - non specific white blood cells (phagocytosis)

Question 18

what is the body’s third line of defence?

Answer 18

third line of defence - specific white blood cells

Question 19

true or false?
lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what do lymphocytes produce and what do they destroy?

Answer 20

they produce antibodies to destroy specific antigens

Question 21

Why do lymphocytes produce antibodies?

Answer 21

they produce antibodies to neutralise toxins produced by the pathogens

Question 22

what is the job of the non specific defense system

Answer 22

prevent pathogens from entering the body

Question 23

what are the two main functions of the immune system

Answer 23

• destroys pathogens and any toxins they produce
• protects us incase the same type of pathogen invades us again

Question 24

what are antibodies

Answer 24

protein molecules produced by wight blood cells

Question 25

state the two key facts about antibodies

Answer 25

• extremely specific
• remain in the blood for a long time

Question 26

what produces antitoxins

Answer 26

white blood cells