Infection & Response- Human Defence Flashcards
Non-specific defences of the human body include: s___, n___, stomach ____, c____ and m_____.
Non-specific defences of the human body include: skin, nose, stomach acid and cilia and mucus.
The immune system uses _____ _____ _____ to destroy pathogens.
The immune system uses white blood cells to destroy pathogens.
White blood cells defend against pathogens by: p___________, a________ production and
a_______ production.
White blood cells defend against pathogens by: phagocytosis, antitoxin production and
antibody production.
how do our eyes stop disease?
our eyelashes stop things entering as well as our eye lids and tears
how do our ears stop disease?
ear wax, hairs
how does our mouth stop disease?
lips, sliver
how does our stomach stop disease?
stomach acid
how does our nose stop disease?
nose hairs, mucus
how do our genitals stop disease?
discharge, pubes, lower ph
how does our skin stop disease?
a barrier (there is no way in)
what is phagocytosis?
phagocytosis is when a white blood cell (phagocytes) ingest pathogens and destroys them
what is stage 1 of phagocytosis?
stage 1:
a microbe enter the body. It has chemicals on it’s surface called ANTIGENS.
what is stage 2 of phagocytosis?
stage 2:
white blood cells recognise the microbes as alien and the attach to the microbe in response
what is stage 3 of phagocytosis?
stage 3:
The white blood cell ENGULFS the microbe
what is stage 4 of phagocytosis?
stage 4:
The white blood cell DIGESTS the microbe
what is the body’s first line of defence?
the first line of defence is our outer barriers which includes physical and chemical features.
what is the body’s second line of defence?
second line of defence - non specific white blood cells (phagocytosis)
what is the body’s third line of defence?
third line of defence - specific white blood cells
true or false?
lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell
true
what do lymphocytes produce and what do they destroy?
they produce antibodies to destroy specific antigens
Why do lymphocytes produce antibodies?
they produce antibodies to neutralise toxins produced by the pathogens
what is the job of the non specific defense system
prevent pathogens from entering the body
what are the two main functions of the immune system
- destroys pathogens and any toxins they produce
- protects us incase the same type of pathogen invades us again
what are antibodies
protein molecules produced by wight blood cells
state the two key facts about antibodies
- extremely specific
- remain in the blood for a long time
what produces antitoxins
white blood cells
