Cell Biology- Specialised Cells

Question 1

As a cell _____________ it develops different sub-cellular structures to enable it to carry out a particular __________. It has become a ___________ ____.

Answer 1

As a cell differentiates it develops different sub-cellular structures to enable it to carry out a particular function. It has become a specialised cell.

Question 2

Sperm cells are specialised for ______ production with a large number of ______________.

Answer 2

Sperm cells are specialised for energy production with a large number of mitochondria.

Question 3

__________ cells are specialised for photosynthesis with a large number of ____________.

Answer 3

Mesophyll cells are specialised for photosynthesis with a large number of chloroplasts.

Question 4

______ cells differentiate at an early stage of life.

Answer 4

Animal cells differentiate at an early stage of life.

Question 5

_____ cells can differentiate throughout their life.

Answer 5

Plant cells can differentiate throughout their life.

Question 6

how are root hair cells specialized

Answer 6

• the hairs increase surface area meaning it can absorb water and minerals more effectively
• root hair cells do not have chloroplasts as they are underground and so can’t complete photosynthesis

Question 7

How is xylem specialized

Answer 7

• thick walls containing lignin which provides support
• end walls between the cells get broken down resulting in one long tube meaning water and minerals can flow easily
• no internal structures at all making it easier for water and minerals to Flow

Question 8

How is phloem specialized

Answer 8

• phloem vessel cells have no nucleus and only limited cytoplasm meaning less mitochondria, end walls have have pores called sieve plates allowing dissolved sugars to move through the plant
• each vessel cell has a companion cell connected by pores, this is because the companion cell provides energy from their mitochondria