Infection & Response- Communicable Disease Flashcards
Communicable diseases are spread by _________.
Communicable diseases are spread by pathogens.
Pathogens are _______________ that cause _______.
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.
Pathogens may be: b_______, v______, f____ or p______.
Pathogens may be: bacteria, viruses, fungi or protists.
________ reproduce inside the body and produce ______ that make us feel ill.
Bacteria reproduce inside the body and produce toxins that make us feel ill.
_______ reproduce inside cells causing ______ to the cell and making us feel ill.
Viruses reproduce inside cells causing damage to the cell and making us feel ill.
_____ diseases include m______ and ___ in animals and t______ m_____ virus in plants.
Viral diseases include measles and HIV in animals and tobacco mosaic virus in plants.
_________ diseases include s_________ and g_________.
Bacterial diseases include salmonella and gonorrhoea.
Rose black spot is a fungal disease affecting ______.
Rose black spot is a fungal disease affecting plants.
Malaria is caused by a _______ that is spread by _________.
Malaria is caused by a protist that is spread by mosquitos.
what is the size of a bacterium?
bacteria are about 1/100th the size of a body cell
what is the size of a virus?
viruses are about 1/100th the size of a bacterium
what is the size of a protist?
protists are about 1/100th of a mm larger then bacteria
where do fungi live?
fungi live in organic matter (dead tissue)
true or false?
fungi are prokaryotic cells
false- they are eukaryotic as they have a nucleus
what happens to a plant if it has black spot disease?
- leaves go yellow
- purplish/black spots appear
- reduces energy levels meaning it won’t flower as well
- photosynthesis is reduced
how can black spot disease be spread?
by the wind or water
what can black spot disease be treated with?
chemicals or remove the infected leaves and destroy them
what are some symptoms of malaria?
- fever and chills
- nausea and vomiting
- headaches
- general weakness and body aches
how can you control the spread of malaria?
- destruction of breeding grounds
- mosquito nets
- insecticides
True or false?
having one disease can lead to an increased risk of getting another disease
true
your immune system is going to be weaker meaning it won be able to fight off as much
how can a mental illness be triggered by a physical illness
People will arthritis struggle to move their joints making it very hard to lead a normal life which could make someone feel isolated or depressed
give an example of a disease that can be triggered by the immune system
allergies, asthma and dermatitis
explain your previous answer
the body is infected with a pathogen which it fights off but then the person is left with an allergy
how are pathogens spread
- in the air e.g. in water droplets
- water
- direct contact between humans
how can you reduce the spread of pathogens
- washing your hands
- clean drinking water
- reducing direct contact between individuals e.g. use a condom
- isolation
- vaccination
why can’t viruses be killed by antibiotics
because virus’ reproduce in cells meaning to kill the virus you would also be killing the cell
what is the first symptom of measles
a fever
after 3 days what appears
a red rash
how is measles spread
through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, these droplets then get inhaled and the virus spreads to the next person
complications of measles can lead to what
damage to the brain and breathing system - measles can be fatal
how is the spread of measles controlled
children are vaccinated very young
what is the first symptom of HIV
flu-like illness - dissaperas after 1/2 weeks
what happens to the immune system over time due to HIV
it becomes severely damaged, making the patient more at risk to other diseases that they normally could have fought off
true or false?
by having HIV you cannot get cancer
false
the risk of cancer increases as your immune system weakens over time
What is called when HIV gets bad and could be fatal
late-stage HIV or AIDS
how can HIV be prevented
bye taking antiretroviral drugs which stops the virus from multiplying
By taking antiretroviral drugs can you still get aids?
no, the drug limits the damage to the immune system and so you are not likely to get aids
what is the problem with taking antiretroviral drugs
its not a cure to the disease, and must be taken every day for the rest of their lives
how can HIV be spread
exchange of fluids
- unprotected sexual intercourse
- drug users sharing a needle
how can bacteria be killed
by using antibiotics
how is salmonella spread
by ingesting infected food
what are the symptoms of salmonella
- fever
- abdominal pain
- vomitting
- cramps
In the uk how do we reduce the spread of salmonella
by vaccinating all chickens to help control the spread
what is gonorrhoea
a sexually transmitted disease
what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea
thick yellow/green discharge
pain when urinating
what antibiotic used to be used to treat gonorrhoea
penecillin
why did they stop using this drug
antibiotic resistance
what is TMV
TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) is a very widespread plant infection that infects many plants such as tomatoes
what does TMV do ti the leaves
causes them to discolor and create a mosaic pattern
what happens because of this discolouration
rate of photosynthesis decreases
how do aphids effect plants
extract nutrients such as sugars from the plant, stunting growth
