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GCSE Biology- Paper 1 > Infection & Response- Communicable Disease > Flashcards

Infection & Response- Communicable Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Communicable diseases are spread by _________.

A

Communicable diseases are spread by pathogens.

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2
Q

Pathogens are _______________ that cause _______.

A

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.

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3
Q

Pathogens may be: b_______, v______, f____ or p______.

A

Pathogens may be: bacteria, viruses, fungi or protists.

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4
Q

________ reproduce inside the body and produce ______ that make us feel ill.

A

Bacteria reproduce inside the body and produce toxins that make us feel ill.

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5
Q

_______ reproduce inside cells causing ______ to the cell and making us feel ill.

A

Viruses reproduce inside cells causing damage to the cell and making us feel ill.

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6
Q

_____ diseases include m______ and ___ in animals and t______ m_____ virus in plants.

A

Viral diseases include measles and HIV in animals and tobacco mosaic virus in plants.

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7
Q

_________ diseases include s_________ and g_________.

A

Bacterial diseases include salmonella and gonorrhoea.

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8
Q

Rose black spot is a fungal disease affecting ______.

A

Rose black spot is a fungal disease affecting plants.

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9
Q

Malaria is caused by a _______ that is spread by _________.

A

Malaria is caused by a protist that is spread by mosquitos.

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10
Q

what is the size of a bacterium?

A

bacteria are about 1/100th the size of a body cell

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11
Q

what is the size of a virus?

A

viruses are about 1/100th the size of a bacterium

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12
Q

what is the size of a protist?

A

protists are about 1/100th of a mm larger then bacteria

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13
Q

where do fungi live?

A

fungi live in organic matter (dead tissue)

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14
Q

true or false?
fungi are prokaryotic cells

A

false- they are eukaryotic as they have a nucleus

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15
Q

what happens to a plant if it has black spot disease?

A
  • leaves go yellow
  • purplish/black spots appear
  • reduces energy levels meaning it won’t flower as well
  • photosynthesis is reduced
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16
Q

how can black spot disease be spread?

A

by the wind or water

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17
Q

what can black spot disease be treated with?

A

chemicals or remove the infected leaves and destroy them

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18
Q

what are some symptoms of malaria?

A
  • fever and chills
  • nausea and vomiting
  • headaches
  • general weakness and body aches
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19
Q

how can you control the spread of malaria?

A
  • destruction of breeding grounds
  • mosquito nets
  • insecticides
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20
Q

True or false?
having one disease can lead to an increased risk of getting another disease

A

true
your immune system is going to be weaker meaning it won be able to fight off as much

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21
Q

how can a mental illness be triggered by a physical illness

A

People will arthritis struggle to move their joints making it very hard to lead a normal life which could make someone feel isolated or depressed

22
Q

give an example of a disease that can be triggered by the immune system

A

allergies, asthma and dermatitis

23
Q

explain your previous answer

A

the body is infected with a pathogen which it fights off but then the person is left with an allergy

24
Q

how are pathogens spread

A
  • in the air e.g. in water droplets
  • water
  • direct contact between humans
25
Q

how can you reduce the spread of pathogens

A
  • washing your hands
  • clean drinking water
  • reducing direct contact between individuals e.g. use a condom
  • isolation
  • vaccination
26
Q

why can’t viruses be killed by antibiotics

A

because virus’ reproduce in cells meaning to kill the virus you would also be killing the cell

27
Q

what is the first symptom of measles

A

a fever

28
Q

after 3 days what appears

A

a red rash

29
Q

how is measles spread

A

through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, these droplets then get inhaled and the virus spreads to the next person

30
Q

complications of measles can lead to what

A

damage to the brain and breathing system - measles can be fatal

31
Q

how is the spread of measles controlled

A

children are vaccinated very young

32
Q

what is the first symptom of HIV

A

flu-like illness - dissaperas after 1/2 weeks

33
Q

what happens to the immune system over time due to HIV

A

it becomes severely damaged, making the patient more at risk to other diseases that they normally could have fought off

34
Q

true or false?
by having HIV you cannot get cancer

A

false
the risk of cancer increases as your immune system weakens over time

35
Q

What is called when HIV gets bad and could be fatal

A

late-stage HIV or AIDS

36
Q

how can HIV be prevented

A

bye taking antiretroviral drugs which stops the virus from multiplying

37
Q

By taking antiretroviral drugs can you still get aids?

A

no, the drug limits the damage to the immune system and so you are not likely to get aids

38
Q

what is the problem with taking antiretroviral drugs

A

its not a cure to the disease, and must be taken every day for the rest of their lives

39
Q

how can HIV be spread

A

exchange of fluids
- unprotected sexual intercourse
- drug users sharing a needle

40
Q

how can bacteria be killed

A

by using antibiotics

41
Q

how is salmonella spread

A

by ingesting infected food

42
Q

what are the symptoms of salmonella

A
  • fever
  • abdominal pain
  • vomitting
  • cramps
43
Q

In the uk how do we reduce the spread of salmonella

A

by vaccinating all chickens to help control the spread

44
Q

what is gonorrhoea

A

a sexually transmitted disease

45
Q

what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

thick yellow/green discharge
pain when urinating

46
Q

what antibiotic used to be used to treat gonorrhoea

A

penecillin

47
Q

why did they stop using this drug

A

antibiotic resistance

48
Q

what is TMV

A

TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) is a very widespread plant infection that infects many plants such as tomatoes

49
Q

what does TMV do ti the leaves

A

causes them to discolor and create a mosaic pattern

50
Q

what happens because of this discolouration

A

rate of photosynthesis decreases

51
Q

how do aphids effect plants

A

extract nutrients such as sugars from the plant, stunting growth

GCSE Biology- Paper 1 (23 decks)

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