Infection Control Flashcards
patterns of sensitivity and resistance to
antimicrobial agents in bacteria, can often be
used in the investigation of an outbreak
Antiobiograms
Their main use is in the disinfection of hospital, institutional,and household environments. They are also commonly found in germicidal soaps
Phenolics
refers to a process that you are selectively eliminating only a predefined scope of microorganisms, may or may not be including spores
Disinfection
method of choice for antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, radioisotopes, vaccines, and carbohydrates, which are all heat sensitive
Filtration
used to sterilize items such as glassware,oil, petrolatum, or powders.
Dry heat
Disinfectant level: Tuberculocidal
Intermediate
Chemicals use to destroy microbial life for shorter
period or selective in its action
Disinfectants
usually use as an eye drop solution.;for prophylactic treatment to prevent gonoccocal conjunctivitis in newborns but is now replace by erythromycin drop
Silver nitrate
Tyndallization temp requirement
100°C for 30 min for 3 consecutive days
action is mediated through disruption of thec ellular membrane, use as skin antiseptics and disinfectants
Detergents: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
referred to as the microbial load (bioburden)
Number of Organisms
A drug or chemical that inhibits reproduction of
microorganisms, but does not kill necessarily kill
them
Microbistatic Agents
biological indicator for autoclave
Bacillus steatothermophilus
100°C for 30 min for 3 consecutive days; Alternates heating & incubation
Tyndallization
materials that invade sterile tissues or enter the vascular system. These materials are most likely to produce infection if contaminated and require sterilization
Critical materials
come into contact with mucous membranes, they require high-level disinfection agents
Semicritical materials
For medical equipment such as bronchoscopes, because it does not corrodelenses, metal,
Glutaraldehyde
used to sterilize bio hazardous trash and heat-stable objects;
Moist heat
Moist heat method for media, liquids, & instruments
Autoclave at 121 deg Celsius at 15 psi for 15 min
Temp for incineration
870°C- 980°C
Inspissation temp requirement
76-80°C for 2 hours for 3 consecutive days
A process that combines dehydration (drying) and
freezing; Use for some isolates to preserve for
further studies
Lyophilization
used for sterilizing disposables such as plastic syringes, catheters, or gloves before use
Ionizing radiation
organisms known today to be the most resistant to the actions of heat, chemicals, and radiation
Prions
require intermediate-level to low-level disinfection before contact with intact skin
Noncritical materials
Disinfectant level: Sporicidal
High
Most common; safest method to ensure that no infective materials remain in samples or containers when disposed
Incineration
refers to the destruction of all forms of life, including bacterial spores.
Sterilization
Disinfectants that are used in living tissue (skin)
Antiseptics
kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis various fungi, and inactivate certain enveloped viruses;
however, they are not sporicidal and have
poor activity against nonenveloped viruses
Alcohols (50%-70%)
considered as a community of bacteria or other
microorganisms;generally layers of microorganisms
that often have a protective material over them
that shields them from outside environmental
factors
Biofilm
used in gaseous form for sterilizing heat-sensitive objects
Ethylene oxide
analysis of molecules, such as proteins and nucleic
acids, for the detection, identification, and
characterization of microorganisms to generate
isolate-specific markers to assess epidemiologic
relatedness
Molecular Epidemiology
Biological indicator: Bacillus subtilis var.globigii
Ethylene oxide
