Bacterial Identification Flashcards
binds to the nucleic acid either RNA or DNA and used to confirm the presence of bacteria in blood cultures when gram stain results are difficult to interpret or when the presence of bacteria is highly suspected and none are detected in light microscopy
Acridine Orange
Result is based on rapid production of bubbles or effervescence
Catalase test
Interpretation of primary cultures; a comparative examination of the colony
morphology of microorganisms growing on various culture media
Plate reading
Widal test is commonly use for
Salmonella typhi
It would nonspecifically bind to
nearly all Mycobacteria and would give the Mycobacterial cells a bright yellow appearance or orange against a greenish
background
Auramine Rhodamine
Amplification process where there is an Addition of other amino acids or nucleic acids into the sequence
Extension
Contain low concentrations of peptone and a single carbohydrate substrate such as glucose
O-F medium
a component of the cell wall that gives the ability to resist decolorization.
Mycolic Acid
An enzyme use to differentiate Staphylococcus from Streptococcus
Catalase
utilizes a method known as PCR
Amplification Methods
Enzyme being utilize for Oxidase test
Cytochrome oxidase
Special stain for flagella
Leifson Stain
O-F medium result: 1 tube has yellow top and green bottom and the other remain unchanged
Oxidizer
a term used to describe a particular genus in general.
Color
temp. required for Extension
72 deg. Celsius
A type of staining wherein instead of the organism itself, it’s the background that is
stained
Negative Stains
is one of the first method used to type strains of bacteria
Plasmid profile
One of the most common applications of this technique is the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test [FTA-ABS ] for your T. pallidum subspecies for detecting syphilis
Immunofluorescent Assays
detecting antigens by means of agglutination or clumping either with an artificial carrier
particle or insoluble matrix such as your latex bead and or with antibody bound to the
surface
Agglutination Assays
The basic method consists of antibodies bonded to enzymes instead of fluorochromes
Enzyme Immunoassays
pH indicator: Bromcressol purple
Purple to yellow
involves the ability of a
bacterial isolate to grow in the presence of one or
more inhibitory substances
Inhibitor profiles
pH indicator: pale yellow to pink
Andrade’s acid fuchsin-
Hard to grow in vitro, requires additional growth factors
Fastidious
an enzyme that mediates the extension process of amplification and is obtained from Thermus aquaticus.
Taq polymerase
specific PCR amplification product containing the
target nucleic acid
amplicon
Based on the ability of two homologous nucleic acid strands to bond specifically with each other and form a double-stranded molecule (duplex or
hybrid)
Nucleic Acid Hybridization Methods
O-F medium: Both tubes are yellow
Fermenter:
an inherent characteristic of
a specific organism confined generally to the colony,
Pigmentation
used to determine protein expression in disease conditions, such as cancers, genetic diseases, and
other diseases, including microbial infections.
Proteomics
temp. required for annealing
50-58 deg. Celsius
partial lysing of RBCs in an SBA (
α (alpha hemolysis)
contain nutrients that support growth of most nonfastidious organisms without giving any particular organism a growth advantage
Nutritive media
a technology that is used for rapidly identifying microorganisms, including fungi
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Pseudomonas spp.: Oxidative or fermenter?
Oxidative
Positive result for acid
Yellow
temp. required for denaturation
94 degrees Celsius
Stain that is directed toward coloring specific components of the elements present
Differential Stain
Grouping at the micron level of DNA molecules attached to a solid support
DNA Microarrays
How should you determine the elevation?
The elevation should be determined by tilting the culture plate and looking at the side of the colony.
a hazy blanket of growth on the surface that extends well beyond the streak lines
Swarming
complete clearing of erythrocytes in SBA around
or under the colonies because of the complete
lysis of RBCs
β(beta hemolysis)
identified based on susceptibility to optochin and solubility in bile
Streptococcus pneumoniae
O-F medium: Both tubes does not change in color
Nonutilizer
Can grow in the presence of various NaCl concentrations
Enterococci spp. and Vibrio spp.
Enterobacteriacea: Oxidative or Fermenter?
Fermenter
Stain that is directed toward coloring the forms and shapes present
Simple Stain
identified based on Ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile
Enterococci spp.
contain specific nutrients required for the growth of particular bacterial pathogens that maybe present alone or with other bacterial species in a patient specimen
Enrichment media
Compare local strains to determine whether a local outbreak is caused by a single strain type or by multiple strains
Strain Typing
Using sera to identify and differentiate bacteria
Serotyping
contain one or more agents that are inhibitory to all organisms except those “selected”by the specific growth condition or chemical
Selective media
FITC is conjugated directly to the specific antibody
Direct Fluorescent Antibody technique
involves the use
of primers.
Annealing
Reagent use for Oxidase Test
1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochrloride
Determining the order of nucelotides in a fragment of DNA
Sequencing
Acid fast stain method that utilizes heat
Ziehl-Neelsen
Special stain for endospores;
Schaeffer-Fulton Stain
identification is based on Ethanol survival
Bacillus spp.)
alternative for acid alcohol as a decolorizer for AFB stain
20% Sulfuric Acid
Assays involves the diffusion of soluble antigen and
antibody
Precipitation Assays
Inoculation of the clinical specimen onto laboratory media
Primary Plating
based on the ability of some bacteria and not others to utilize a substrate that often produces a change in the ph that is detected by a change in the color of a ph indicator
Differential media
process of amplification method where it aims that the double stranded DNA would become single strands
Denaturation
