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Bacteriology > Antimicrobial > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Flashcards

1
Q

maintains activity against most macrolide- resistant gram-positive organisms and does not induce a common macrolide resistance mechanism

A

Ketolides (Telithromycin)

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2
Q

inhibits the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting transpeptidation

A

Chloramphenicol

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3
Q

Lipopeptide agent for gram negative bacteria that could also be toxic to humans

A

Polymyxins

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4
Q

Example for this resistance mechanism is:
Staphylococcal resistance to
penicillin; resistance of
Enterobacteriaceae and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to several penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam

A

Enzymatic destruction

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5
Q

broad spectrum of activity but is bacteriostatic

A

Tetracyclines

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6
Q

penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae)

A

Spread of “old” genes to new hosts

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7
Q

Examples of β-Lactam antibiotics

A

penicillins, cephalosporins

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8
Q

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Enterococcal and Staphylococcus aureus resistance to vancomycin

A

Altered target

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9
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis-interfere with the binding of the tRNA-amino acid complexes to the ribosome

A

Tetracyclines

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10
Q

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Enterococcal resistance to streptomycin (may also be mediated
by enzymatic modifications)

A

Altered target

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11
Q

Lipopeptide agent for gram positive

A

Daptomycin

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12
Q

this enzyme is capable of opening the beta-lactam ring
once it opens the beta-lactam ring it will alter its structure
and would prevent its subsequent binding to your penicillin binding proteins.

A

beta lactamase

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13
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis-by blocking the initiation step and translocation of peptidyl- tRNA from the A site to the P site

A

Oxazolidinones

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14
Q

Effective on most Aerobic Gram negative and certain gram positive bacteria (S.aureus)

A

Aminoglycosides

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15
Q

Resistance resulting from altered cellular physiology and structure caused by changes in a microorganism’s genetic makeup

A

Acquired resistance

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16
Q

Protein synthesis is inhibited by drug binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) on the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and subsequent disruption of
the growing peptide chain by blocking of translocation.

A

Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin group

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17
Q

methicillin-resistant
staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

A

Emergence of “new” genes

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18
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis-binding to protein receptors on the organism’s 30S ribosomal subunit

A

Aminoglycosides

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19
Q

Antimicrobial agent good for Gram-positive and gram negative (except P. aeruginosa)

A

Sulfamethoxazole

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20
Q

Act by binding PBPs (penicillin-binding proteins)

A

β-Lactam antibiotics

21
Q

β-lactamase–mediated resistance to advanced cephalosporins in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.

A

Mutations of “old” genes resulting in more potent
resistance

22
Q

most common Quinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

23
Q

Effective for Gram positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, treponemes, and rickettsiae

A

Macrolides

24
Q

effective for Anaerobic gram-positive bacteria

A

Lincosamides

25
Q

Chemical derivatives of erythromycin A and other macrolides (); Inhibit protein synthesis-bind to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

A

Ketolides (Telithromycin)

26
Q

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Gram-positive and gram-negative resistance to aminoglycosides

A

Enzymatic
modification

27
Q

Disrupt the folic acid pathway

A

Sulfonamides

28
Q

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Aminoglycoside resistance in a variety of gram-negative bacteria

A

Decreased uptake

29
Q

because of the large size of these compounds they cannot penetrate to the outer membrane of most of your gram negatives

A

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)

30
Q

part of the molecule was
produced by the fermentation process using the
appropriate microorganisms and the product is
then further modified by a chemical process

A

Semi-synthetic

31
Q

Example for this resistance mechanism is: P. aeruginosa resistance to imipenem

A

Decreased uptake

32
Q

Binds to and disrupts the cell membrane and inserts its hydrophobic tail into the membrane, disrupting the cell membrane and increasing
its permeability, which results in cell death

A

Lipopeptide

33
Q

Resistance resulting from the normal genetic,structural, or physiologic state of microorganisms

A

Intrinsic resistance

34
Q

Potent bactericidal agents and have a broad spectrum of activity

A

Quinolones

35
Q

Binds to the end of peptidoglycan

A

Glycopeptides

36
Q

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Staphylococcal resistance to methicillin and other available beta-lactams

A

Altered target

37
Q

Inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill
the organism

A

Bacteriostatic Agents

38
Q

semisynthetic antibiotics that bind to the enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and inhibit synthesis of RNA

A

Rifampin

39
Q

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: penicillins, cephalosporins

A

β-Lactam antibiotics

40
Q

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptides

41
Q

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: daptomycin)

A

Lipopeptides

42
Q

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: Sulfamethoxazole

A

Sulfonamides

43
Q

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin)

A

Fluoroquinolones

44
Q

telithromycin

A

Ketolides

45
Q

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

A

Macrolides

46
Q

Doxycycline or minocycline

A

Tetracyclines

47
Q

linezolid and tedizolid

A

Oxazolidinones

48
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

A

Streptogramins

Bacteriology (11 decks)

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