Inequalities

Question 1

What is health literacy?
(3)

Answer 1

The ability for people and communities to access, understand and use information and services about health- so it’s that ability to know that what you have is serious

Understanding the complexity of the health care system

Understanding that the UK has a strong social gradient

Question 2

What does appraise mean?

Answer 2

The ability to know if information sounds plausible

Question 3

What does a social gradient mean?

Answer 3

The idea that there’s a difference between social classes

Question 4

What are health inequalities?

Answer 4

The avoidable and unfair differences in health between people due to the social conditions where they are born, grow, live, work and age

Question 5

What does the idea that they’re differences in healthcare between different social classes mean?

Answer 5

The care received and the opportunities to lead healthy lifestyles are different, e.g. calling the GP may be more difficult for those of lower classes due to a lack of education and therefore an understanding of language

Question 6

What are examples of health inequalities?
(5)

Answer 6

Life expectancy

Access to care

Patient satisfaction

Behavioural risks

Wider determinants

Question 7

Why is life expectancy an example of a health inequality?

Answer 7

The higher classes are more likely to live longer than the lower classes- there’s a 17.5 year difference of life expectancy between high and low social classes

Question 8

Why is access to care an example of a health inequality?

Answer 8

People may live in more rural areas, or people may be unable to afford a car. This prevents them from reaching immediate healthcare when needed

Question 9

Why are behavioural risks an example of a health inequality?

Answer 9

Lower classes are more likely to indulge in activities that are easy to access and cheap, e.g. junk food, alcohol, etc

Question 10

Why are wider determinants an example of a health inequality?

Answer 10

Lower classes are more likely to live in buildings that have mould, or a cramped household which increases the spread of diseases.

Question 11

What 4 factors is inequality based on?

Answer 11

Socio-economic

Geography

Specific characteristics including those protected by the law

Socially excluded groups

Question 12

How can socio-economic be a factor towards inequality?

Answer 12

Not everyone has the money to access the social activities to improve their health, e.g. the gym

Question 13

How can geography be a factor towards inequality?

Answer 13

Access to healthcare could be difficult, e.g. living in rural areas. Or people may be more likely to experience health issues, e.g. housing in pollution-stricken areas

Question 14

How can specific characteristics including those protected by the law be a factor towards inequality?

Answer 14

Out of the 9 protected characteristics, some people may be treated differently due to their sex, sexual orientation, gender reassignment, etc. and therefore don’t get the healthcare they deserve and need

Question 15

How can socially excluded groups be a factor towards inequality?

Answer 15

Hidden populations such as lower classes, addicts, disabled people, refugees, etc, may find it difficult to gain access to healthcare because of stigma from staff and the general public

Question 16

What is the intersectional experience?

Answer 16

The idea that it’s possible to experience difference combinations of factors that could lead to inequality (socio-economic, geography, etc). E.g. a wheelchair user living in a rural area and who’s lower class would have a worse experience of healthcare

Question 17

What does the social determinants of health mean?

Answer 17

The conditions in the environments where people are born,live and work that can affect their health and quality of life

Question 18

What are examples of social determinants to health?
(5)

Answer 18

Economic stability

Education access and quality

Health care access and quality

Neighbourhood and built environment

Social and community context

Question 19

Why is economic stability an example of a social determinant?

Answer 19

Not everyone’s job provides them the security and money to afford good and quick healthcare

Question 20

Why is education access and quality an example of a social determinant?

Answer 20

Not everyone has access to good education,e.g. sex education. And not everyone has the money to follow the information provided by eduction, e.g. drink 2 litres of water a day

Question 21

Why is health care access and quality an example of a social determinant?

Answer 21

People around the word have different environments of living, e.g. mould, war stricken countries suffer poverty, etc. They’re more likely to get ill but less likely to have available healthcare

Question 22

Why is social and community context an example of a social determinant?

Answer 22

Different communities have different beliefs and values.some topics may be forbidden to talk about, e.g. sex, and some topics aren’t properly understood within communities, e.g. the idea that prostate cancer is more likely in Black communities

Question 23

What is the impact of low health literacy?
(6)

Answer 23

More negative outcomes due to seeking help later when more damage has been done

More likely to have unhealthy lifestyles due to the expense of leading healthy lifestyles, e.g. the gym, healthy foods are more expensive

Higher levels of illness

Preventable premature mortality

Less able to adhere to medication regimes because of the expense. E.g. someone with asthma may not use their inhaler whenever they need it in order to save it and therefore have more time before having to buy another one

Less likely to manage long term conditions, e.g. timing may prevent them from spending time on their health, e.g. long shifts

Question 24

What does preventable premature mortality?

Answer 24

Preventable early death

Question 25

What are chronic health conditions?

Answer 25

Conditions where there’s no cure which are managed with drugs and other treatments

Question 26

Around how many people in the UK have a long term condition?

Answer 26

15 million people

Question 27

What percentage of GP appointments do people with chronic illnesses account for?

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

What does multi-morbidity mean?

Answer 28

Living with multiple conditions

Question 29

What are acute health conditions?

Answer 29

Illnesses that are in short duration. They may be minor but they may also be serious

Question 30

What are examples of minor acute illnesses?
(3)

Answer 30

Skin rashes

Coughs

Colds

Question 31

What are examples of major acute illnesses?
(4)

Answer 31

Myocardial infarction

Epilepsy

Stroke

They could also include the sudden onset of a previously undiagnosed condition

Question 32

What are examples of chronic illnesses?
(3)

Answer 32

Diabetes

Asthma

Eczema

Question 33

What are examples of acute illnesses?
(3)

Answer 33

Burns

Fractures

Appendicitis