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Professional Development > Basic First Aid > Flashcards

Basic First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered as one of the most important ways to reduce infection transmission?

A

Hand hygiene

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2
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal
Protective
Equipment

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3
Q

When should we perform hand hygiene?
(7)

A

Before touching a patient
Before a clean or aseptic (sterile) technique
After body fluid exposure risk
After touching a patient
After touching a patients immediate surroundings
Before putting on gloves
After putting on gloves

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4
Q

Which hand hygiene should we mostly use?

A

Hand gel

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5
Q

When shouldn’t we use hand gel as hand hygiene?
(4)

A

When the patient has a known infection
The patient is vomiting
The patient has diarrhoea
The patient is visibly dirty

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6
Q

What is the prompt response to any injury?

A

First aid

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7
Q

What is the aim of first aid?

A

The 3 Ps

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8
Q

What are the 3 Ps?

A

Preserve life

Prevent deterioration

Promote recovery

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9
Q

What is the emergency call in every hospital in the UK?

A

2222

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10
Q

What should we always do when calling 2222?
(7)

A

State whether it’s an adult or child
State the building you’re in
State the floor you’re on
State the department you’re in
Send someone to the department entrance to guide the team
Get the department crash trolley
Move other people out of the area if possible

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11
Q

How many drawers does a resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

4

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12
Q

What does the top drawer of a resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

Equipment for maintaining the airway

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13
Q

What does the 2nd drawer of the resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

Breathing equipment

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14
Q

What does the 3rd drawer of the resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

Equipment to maintain circulation

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15
Q

What does the bottom shelf of the resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

2 drug boxes

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16
Q

What is in the 2 drug boxes at the bottom shelf of the resuscitation crash trolley?

A

Emergency drugs

Arrhythmia drugs

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17
Q

What should we always know about the resuscitation crash trolleys?

A

Where they’re located

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18
Q

What type of resuscitation crash trolleys are found in some areas?

A

Specialist trolleys,e.g. in paediatrics

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19
Q

How often should the resuscitation trolleys be checked?

A

Regularly- daily or monthly

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20
Q

What should we do with the resuscitation trolleys after a crash call?

A

Check and restock the trolley

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21
Q

What does BLS stand for?

A

Basic
Life
Support

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22
Q

How can we prevent blood loss?

A

Apply and maintain pressure to the wound

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23
Q

What should we try to wear when stopping bleeding?
Why?

A

Disposable gloves

Because they reduce any chance of infection

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24
Q

What shouldn’t we do if there’s an object embedded in a wound?

A

Don’t put pressure on the object

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25
Q

What shouldn’t we use when trying to stop bleeding?
(4)

A

Antiseptic ointment
Antiseptic wipes
Cotton wool
Sticky dressings

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26
Q

What should we use to dress a wound after bleeding?

A

A petroleum- based gauze wrap, e.g. Vaseline

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27
Q

What are some symptoms of shock?
(7)

A

Altered functioning: confusion, reduced awareness, sleepiness

Cold,moist skin

Weak heart rate

Rapid heart rate

Rapid breathing and hyperventilation

Nausea

Vomiting

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28
Q

What are some solutions when someone has gone into shock?
(5)

A

Lay them down and elevate their legs and feet slightly

Loosen tight clothing

Encourage them to keep still

Roll them to their side if they look like they’re going to vomit

Seek support

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29
Q

What shouldn’t we do when someone goes into shock?

A

Don’t give them anything to eat or drink

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30
Q

What is choking? (S)

A

Silent

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31
Q

What should we do if someone is choking?
(5)

A

Encourage them to cough
Give upwards back slaps to dislodge the item
Stand behind them and put one hand on their chest and lean them forwards slightly
Give 5 slaps with the heel of your hand between their shoulder blades
If not dislodged, try abdominal thrusts and call an ambulance

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32
Q

What should we do if someone faints?
Why?

A

Lay them down and raise their legs

Because it promotes blood back to the brain

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33
Q

How can we tell if someone with lighter skin is about to faint?

A

Their skin goes paler

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34
Q

How can we tell if someone with darker skin is about to faint?
(2)m

A

Their eyes go paler
The inside of their mouth goes paler and less pink

35
Q

What is the scientific word for allergic reaction?

A

Anaphylaxis

36
Q

What are some symptoms of anaphylaxis?
(5)

A

Skin reaction: redness, rash, paleness
Breathing difficulties
Swollen tongue
Wheezing
Dizziness/fainting

37
Q

What should we do if someone’s having an allergic reaction?
(4)

A

Always call an ambulance first
Lie the patient down with their legs raised
If the patient is struggling to breathe, raise their shoulders or sit them forwards
Use an auto-injector (epipen) if available

38
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

An allergic reaction

39
Q

What shouldn’t we let a person who’s having an allergic reaction do, even if they feel well?

A

Stand or walk

40
Q

Why is an auto-injector used on people having an allergic reaction?

A

The auto-injector administers adrenaline, which relaxes the airways and blood vessels which allows for easier blood flow and breathing.

41
Q

What are seizures?

A

Sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain which temporarily affects function

42
Q

Do all seizures involve convulsions?

A

No

43
Q

When should we do only if a patient having a seizure is in danger?

A

Move them

44
Q

What should we do when someone is having a seizure?
(5)

A

Cushion their head
Note the start time of the seizure
Loosen any collars
Once the seizure stops, put them into the recovery position
Note the end time

45
Q

What should we do once someone has stopped having a seizure?
(2)

A

Put them in the recovery position
Note the end time

46
Q

What should we do to prevent someone who’s having a seizure from their tongue blocking their airways?

A

Put their head to the side

47
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

A

Low blood sugar

48
Q

What are some signs of hypoglycaemia?
(8)

A

Trembling
Dizziness
Sweating
Rapid heart rate
Easily irritated
Tearful
Confusion
Slurred speech

49
Q

What should we do to someone with hypoglycaemia?
(2)
Why?

A

Give them a sugary drink/sweet
Give them a carbohydrate snack

Because it increases their blood sugar

50
Q

What should we do to someone with hypoglycaemia if it’s diabetes related?

A

Confirm it with a finger prick test

51
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

High blood sugar

52
Q

What are some signs of hyperglycaemia?

A

Feeling very thirsty
Urinating more often
Weak/tired
Blurred vision
Weight loss

53
Q

What should we do with someone with hyperglycaemia?
(4)

A

They should take prescribed medication regularly
They should avoid starchy and sugary foods
They should reduce stress
They should increase exercise

54
Q

Which is more likely to be related to diabetes- hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia?

A

Hyperglycaemia

55
Q

What are the types of seizures?
(10)

A

Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Tonic-clonic seizures
Absence seizure
Myoclonic seizures
Clinic seizures
Tonic seizures
Atomic seizures
Status epilepticus
Seizure seizures

56
Q

How long should handwashing take?

A

15-20 seconds

57
Q

What should we do before performing hand hygiene?
(4)

A

Expose forearms

Remove all jewellery (a religious bangle can be worn but should be moved up the forearm)

Make sure fingernails are clean and short

Cover all cuts or abrasions with a waterproof dressing

58
Q

What should we usually use for routine hand hygiene during patient care?

A

Alcohol based hand rubs

59
Q

How should we take care of our hands?

A

Dry hands thoroughly after washing hands using disposable paper towels

Use emollient hand cream regularly

Don’t use communal tubs of hand cream

60
Q

What should we do when we have a cough or cold?
(4)

A

Cover the nose and mouth with a disposable tissue. If unavailable, use the crook of the arm

Dispose of all used tissues promptly into a waste bin

Wash hands with non-microbial liquid soap and warm water after coughing, sneezing, using tissues, etc

Keep contaminated hands away from the eyes,nose and mouth

61
Q

What should we use when we have a cough or cold and there’s no running water or hand hygiene facilities available?

A

Use hand wipes followed by ABHR and wash hands at the first available opportunity

62
Q

When should we wear PPE?
(4)

A

When we’ll be exposed to
blood,
other bodily fluids,
non intact skin
or mucous membranes

63
Q

Why should we avoid overusing or inappropriate we of PPE?
(2)

A

Because it’s risky and
harms the environment

64
Q

When should we wear gloves?
(4)

A

When exposed to blood,
Other bodily fluids,
Non-intact skin,
Or mucous membranes

65
Q

When should we change gloves?
(3)

A

Immediately after seeing each patient

After completing a procedure/task- even on the same patient

When hand hygiene has been done

If a puncture in the glove(s) is suspected

When it’s appropriate for the tasks being done- substances used, type and duration of contact

66
Q

What is used to clean surfaces or frequently touched areas within the care area?

A

Detergent wipes

67
Q

What is recommended for routine cleaning?

A

A fresh solution of general-purpose neutral detergent in warm water

68
Q

What should be used routinely on sanitary fittings?

A

1 000ppm available chlorine

69
Q

What should cleaning protocols include responsibility for?
(2)

A

Frequency of environmental decontamination
Method of environmental decontamination

70
Q

What is clinical waste?

A

Waste that contains micro-organisms or their toxins that cause disease to humans and other living beings

71
Q

What 3 things is offensive waste NOT?
(3)

A

Clinical waste (it’s not clinical waste)

Infectious (it’s non-infectious)

Hazardous (it’s non-hazardous)

72
Q

What is a cardiac arrest?

A

When the heart suddenly stops pumping, which stops blood from flowing to vital organs

73
Q

What are cardiac arrests caused by?

A

Certain types of arrhythmias that prevent the heart from pumping bloof

74
Q

What can the lack of blood flow to the brain caused by a cardiac arrest cause?
(3)

A

A person to lose consciousness
A person to become disabled
A person to die

75
Q

What is the medical term for a heart attack?

A

Myocardial infarction

76
Q

What will a patient look like in a cardiac arrest?
(3)

A

No pulse
Grey and cold
Unresponsive

77
Q

What is the chain of survival?
(4)

A

Early recognition and call for help
Early CPR
Early defilibration
Post resuscitation care

78
Q

Why is early recognition and call for help important in the chain of survival?

A

It prevents cardiac arrest

79
Q

Why is early CPR important in the chain of survival?

A

It buys time

80
Q

Why is early CPR important in the chain of survival?

A

To buy time

81
Q

Why is early defibrillation important in the chain of survival?

A

It restarts the heart

82
Q

Why is post resuscitation care important in the chain of survival?

A

It restores the quality of life

83
Q

How do we give chest compressions?
(6)

A

Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the centre of their chest

Place the palm of your hand on top of your hand that’s on their chest and interlock your fingers

Position yourself so your shoulders are directly above your hands

Use your body weight and press down 5-6cm on their chest

Release the compression whilst keeping your hands on their chest to allow their chest to return to its original position

Repeat these compressions at a rate of 100-120 times a minute until help arrives

Professional Development (17 decks)

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