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Professional Development > Child Safeguarding > Flashcards

Child Safeguarding Flashcards

1
Q

What does the word children mean?

A

Children and young people from birth to their 18th birthday

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2
Q

What states that children have the right to be protected from being hurt and mistreated physically and mentally?

A

The UNCRC 1989

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3
Q

What are some key UK laws about the support and expectations provided to children?
(7)

A

Children’s Act 1989

Modern Slavery Act 2015

Sexual Offences Act 2003

What to do if you’re worried about child is being abused 2015

Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023

FGM Act 2003

Children and Social Work Act 2017

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4
Q

What do all staff and volunteers have an important role to do?
(2)

A

Protect the most at risk from harm and exploitation

Recognising signs of possible abuse, neglect and exploitation

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5
Q

What does safeguarding mean?

A

Protecting children from abuse and maltreatment or harm to children’s health or development

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6
Q

What are examples of situations that can be considered as child abuse, maltreatment or harm?
(8)

A

The exploitation of children and young people, including trafficking

Physical abuse

Sexual abuse including sexual exploitation and gang sexual violence

Domestic abuse and violence

Psychological harm

Neglectful behaviour

Grooming including over the internet

Indoctrination (brainwashing) of a child or young person

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7
Q

What is exploitation/trafficking?

A

Where children and young people are tricked, forced or persuaded to leave their home and then are moved elsewhere and then exploited

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8
Q

What are some reasons as to why children are trafficked?
(5)

A

Sexual exploitation

Benefit fraud

Forced marriage

Domestic slavery like cleaning, cooking and childcare

Forced labour in factories or agriculture

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9
Q

What things might traffickers say and do to force a child to be exploited?
(2)

A

They may promise the children and their families that they’ll have a better future elsewhere

They may threaten the families with violence or threats

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10
Q

What type of crime is trafficking?

A

Economic crime

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11
Q

How often does a child go missing or run away from home in the UK?

A

Every 5 mins

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12
Q

What factors could increase the likelihood of child abuse and a child’s vulnerability of exploitation and violence?
(4)

A

Stress

Social disadvantage

Mental illness, substance abuse and domestic abuse

Intellectual/physical disability of the child

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13
Q

Why would stress increase a child’s likelihood of abuse or vulnerability to violence?

A

There could be financial problems in the parents’ relationships. So the parents may be unable to control aggressive feelings towards their children or to care for their children properly

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14
Q

Why would social disadvantage increase a child’s likelihood of abuse or vulnerability to violence?

A

If they live on a low income or in inadequate housing or are being discriminated against because of ethnicity, religion, disability or sexual orientation, this could affect the parents’ ability to care for their children properly

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15
Q

Why would mental illness, substance abuse and domestic abuse increase a child’s likelihood of abuse or vulnerability to violence?

A

Parents can struggle to take care of their own needs, which makes it particularly difficult for them to meet their children’s needs

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16
Q

Why would intellectual/physical disability of a child increase the likelihood of abuse or vulnerability of exploitation?

A

Children with a disability are at an increased risk of further developmental delay, neglect and maltreatment

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17
Q

What are the categories of child abuse?
(4)

A

Physical

Emotional

Neglect

Sexual

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18
Q

What are some forms of harm that are inflicted on children and young people?
(9)

A

Modern slavery

Trafficking

Honour-based violence

Forced marriage

Child sexual exploitation

Peer impact

Bullying

FGM

Internet abuse

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19
Q

What is physical abuse?

A

Deliberately hurting a child and causing injuries such as bruises, broken bones, burns or cuts

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20
Q

What is fabricated/induced illness (FII)?

A

When parents or carers make up or cause symptoms of illness in their child, e.g. giving them medicine they don’t need and making the child feel unwell

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21
Q

The NSPCC says 1 in … children have been physically abused

A

1 in 14

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22
Q

How does physical abuse impact a child?
(4)

A

The child will feel immediate pain and suffering

There may be medical problems caused by the physical injury

The emotional pain will last long after the bruises and wounds have healed

The child can die in the instance of severe physical abuse

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23
Q

What are some signs of physical abuse?
(10)

A

Bruising

Cuts and scratches

Bite marks

Burns and scalds

Broken bones (without a good explanation)

Shaken babies (abusive head trauma)

They may be fearful

They may shy away from touch

They may be reluctant to change for PE

They may appear to be afraid to go home

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24
Q

What should health and care professionals always take into account in child abuse?
(2)

A

The origin of bruising in babies and children can be hard to identify. The child’s age and stage of development can be a helpful guide, e.g. a non-mobile infant shouldn’t have bruises anywhere unless there’s a clear diagnosis such as a recent injury. Whilst a school aged child may have bruising on their limbs cased during normal play. If you’re not sure, seek advice from someone who can support you.

The child’s explanation and the parent/carer’s explanation are important. The parent’s explanation may not fit with the injury seen, seem very vague or change every time they’re asked about the injury. The child may have been trained to echo the parent’s explanation

25
Q

What is neglect?

A

The persistent failure to met a child’s basic physical and/or psychological needs. This is likely to seriously impair a child’s health or development. It could be deliberate or not deliberate

26
Q

How can neglect occur during pregnancy?

A

As a result of maternal alcohol/substance abuse

27
Q

What are examples of neglect?
(4)

A

Not providing adequate food, clothing and shelter

Not protecting a child from physical and emotional harm or danger

Not ensuring adequate supervision

Not ensuring access to appropriate medical care or treatment

28
Q

What % of young people claim to have been neglected at some point in their childhoods?

A

15%

29
Q

How could neglect impact a child or young person?
(4)

A

They’re always feeling hungry

They’re not growing properly

They’re being rejected at school by other children because of their dirty clothes and smell

They’re living in a filthy house without a clean bed to sleep in, no proper bedtime so they’re always feeling tired

30
Q

What are some physical signs of neglect?
(4)

A

Dirty clothes and shoes

Not dressed warmly enough in cold weather

Appearing very dirty

Untreated or delayed treatment for illnesses and injuries

31
Q

What are some behavioural signs of neglect?
(5)

A

Unsupervised young children playing outside

Left alone at home

Frequently late for school

Troublesome, disruptive behaviour

Running away from home- in the case of adolescents

32
Q

What is emotional abuse?

A

The persistent emotional maltreatment of a child that causes severe and long term effects on their development

33
Q

What are examples of emotional abuse towards a child?
(3)

A

Making a child feel worthless or unloved

Not giving a child opportunities to express their views

Expressing domestic abuse in the home

34
Q

What % of children in the UK experience frequent and severe emotional maltreatment during childhood?

A

7%

35
Q

How can emotional abuse impact a child?
(5)

A

That they’re not worthy of being loved by anyone

A poor sense of self image and self-esteem

A poor sense of security

Difficulty trusting others

It’s hard to feel happy

36
Q

What are signs of emotional abuse?
(5)

A

Having low self confidence and a poor self image

Being withdrawn

Having difficulty when forming relationships

Becoming anxious, depresses, demanding and aggressive

Displaying increased risk taking behaviour

37
Q

What is sexual abuse?

A

Forcing or enticing a child to take part in sexual activities. The child may or not be aware of what’s happening

38
Q

What are the types of sexual abuse?
(2)

A

Penetrative assault, e.g. rape or oral sex

Non-penetrative assault, e.g. masturbation, making children look at sexual activities or images

39
Q

What is Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE)?

A

A type of sexual abuse where the child or young person receives something, e.g. money, food, shelter, drugs, etc, in return for sexual activities. There’s a power imbalance between the perpetrator and victim

40
Q

Why is it difficult to know the true number of children and young people affected by sexual abuse?

A

Because many children don’t tell anyone about sexual abuse

41
Q

Which age group and gender reported the highest rates of sexual abuse in the past year?

A

Teenage girls between 15-17

42
Q

What’s the impact of sexual abuse?
(3)

A

The child feels shame

They may have tried to tell someone but weren’t believed, or they were blamed for the abuse

Many wait to tell people when they’re older about the abuse, others may never tell

43
Q

What are the signs of sexual abuse in children?
(6)

A

The child becoming anxious about going to a particular place or seeing a particular person

The child suddenly starts having behavioural problems such as being aggressive

The child suddenly starts having extreme mood swings such as brooding, crying or fearfulness

The child has a sudden deterioration in school results

The child starts unexpectedly displaying explicit sexual knowledge for their age, including sexualised behaviour

The child starts wetting the bed again

44
Q

What are the signs of sexual abuse in adolescents?
(5)

A

They do poorly at school

They abuse alcohol or drugs

They self-harm

They have unprotected sex with many partners

They continue the patterns of violence into future relationships

45
Q

What are the characteristics of a sexual abuser?
(5)

A

It’s usually a family member or a family friend

It can be a boyfriend or girlfriend for teenagers

The abuser may act alone or as part of an organised group

They may put great pressure on the child not to tell anyone about the abuse after it’s happened

They may go to great lengths to get close to children and win their trust, such as choosing employment that brings them into contact with them, or by pretending to be children in online chat rooms meant for children

46
Q

Who must professionals be suspicious of as being an abuser?

A

Everyone- no matter what their role is, anyone can be an abuser

47
Q

How may children be drawn into gangs or criminal exploitation through?
(6)

A

Peer pressure

To feel protected

Money and promised rewards

Status and the feeling of power

Poverty

They’ve been excluded from school and feel like they have no place to be

48
Q

What can abuse and neglect during childhood increase the risk of in later life?
(8)

A

Drug and alcohol misuse

Poor physical/mental health

Early and multiple sexual relationships and teen pregnancy

Risk of being or perpetrating a victim of domestic violence

Difficulty with job performance

Relationship problems

Likelihood of going to prison

Risk of criminal and sexual exploitation

49
Q

What is an adverse childhood experience (ACEs)?

A

A range of negative situations a child may face or witness while growing up, e.g. living in a household where domestic violence occurs.

50
Q

What should we as professionals do if we are concerned that a child is experiencing abuse?

A

Contact your line manager or another senior person

51
Q

Why should we tell a senior person if we are concerned that a child is being abused?

A

The agencies can assess the level of risk, so we can decide together what the next steps will be- either supporting the child and family or, if there’s a greater risk, taking action to protect the child from further harm

52
Q

What are the agencies to contact about supposed child abuse?
(7)

A

Children’s social care

Police

Health visitor/school nurse

Schoo/nursery teacher

Paediatrician

GP

Others

53
Q

Why should we contact the children’s social care about supposed child abuse?

A

They know either the child and/or the family has been previously involved with the children’s social care

54
Q

Why should we contact the police about supposed child abuse?

A

The police will have knowledge of any previous criminal involvement of the child/parents/carers and records of call outs to the family house regarding incidents of domestic abuse

55
Q

Why should we contact the health visitor/school nurse about supposed child abuse?

A

They’ll be aware of issues relating to the health and development of the child/young person. They may also be aware of issues affecting other children and/or parents in the family

56
Q

Why should we contact a paediatrician about supposed child abuse?

A

They’ll be aware of significant medical issues that may affect the child, and they have expertise in medical aspects of child abuse

57
Q

Why should we contact the GP about supposed child abuse?

A

A GP may have a knowledge of the whole family,e.g. parental mental health or substance abuse issues

58
Q

Why should we contact others about supposed child abuse?

A

They may also provide vital information,e.g. substance abuse team, midwife, etc. Youth workers can assess and support young people at risk of or involved in criminal exploitation, sexual exploitation or serious youth violence

Professional Development (17 decks)

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