Important Landmarks_EXAM1 Flashcards
What are the borders of the Triangle of Auscultation?
- Medial border of the scapula
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
What vertebral level do vertebral arteries cross to enter foramen magnum?
C1 ATLAS
What vertebral level do vertebral arteries enter transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae (70% of population anyways)
C6
C7
Vertebra prominens
What vertebral level is superior angle of scapula?
T1/T2
IV disc
What vertebral level is at the Base of spine of scapula
T3
What vertebral level is at the inferior angle of scapula
T7
What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
L1/L2
IV disc
What vertebral level is the highest point of iliac crest?
L4
What vertebral level is safe area for lumbar punctures?
L4
What vertebral level is at Iliac Tubercles?
L5
What vertebral level is at PSIS- what significance?
S2-
end of meningeal sac and
level of SI joint
What vertebral level is SI joint and end of meningeal sac?
S2- PSIS
Highest point of the skull
Vertex (crown of the head)
Posterior aspect of the skull
Occiput
What nerves can cause tension headache (which begins posteriorly and radiates toward the vertex)? Where are they located?
Greater occipital nerves- distinctly palpable if inflamed
1’’ infero-laterally of the INION (external occipital protuberance)
Fracture within pars interarticularis
slippage of vertebrae respective to each other resulting from above fracture is:
Spondylolysis
spondylolysthesis
Iliac Tubercle
Located between ASIS and Highest point of iliac crest- corresponds to the L5 vertebral level
What vertebral level is the horizontal portion of vertebral arteries?
C1 of ATLAS
What vertebral level do arteries enter transverse foramen?
C6
7 Atypical characteristics of C1 ATLAS
- NO body
- NO spinous process
- Has Lateral Masses
- Superior articular facets articulate with occipital condyles of skull
- Anterior arch (articulates with dens of C2)
- Posterior arch (groove on superior border for vertebral artery)
- Transverse foramina
5 Atypical characteristics of C2 AXIS
- Body
- Dens (odontoid process)
- Transverse foramen
- Spinous process
- Pars interarticularis (site of hangmans fracture)
Fact about vertebra prominens
in 30% of population its at C6
Processes and joints specific to cervical vertebrae
Uncinate process Uncovertebral joints (of Lushka)
How do you identify a lumbar fracture of the pars interarticularis?
Oblique radiograph shows a “scotty dog”
if the scotty dog has a “COLLAR” = fracture
Articular process orientations of Cervical vertebrae? Thoracic vertebrae? of Lumbar vertebrae
- Cervical- superior-inferior about 10degrees
- thoracic- anteriorly-posteriorly
- Lumbar- medially-laterally
What are the horns of the sacral hiatus called?
Cornua
what is the hole at the bottom of the sacrum? What are the holes lined up along the anterior and posterior surface of the sacrum? What is tunnel going down into the sacrum? What is articular surface of sacrum?
sacral hiatus and cornua (horns)
Anterior and posterior sacral foramina
sacral canal
sacroiliac joints
What is the fibrocartilage portion of intervertebral disc? What is gel portion called?
Annulus Fibrosus (fails and permits herniation) Nucleus Palposus (part that actually herniates)
What ligament is punctured for spinal tap and epidural injection?
Ligamentum flavum
What is the floor of the suboccipital triangle; continuous with ligamentum flavum?
Posterior Atlanto-occipital membrane
What ligament holds the dens in place on C1?
Transverse ligament of the atlas
what ligament is continuous with the supraspinous ligament and is located in the cervical region only?
Ligamentum nuchae
