G2_Vertebral_Column_EXAM1 Flashcards
What are Muscles are invested by ?
Deep fascia
What is one of the major causes of Hyper-Kyphoses? Hyperlordosis “swayback”?
scoliosis?
Osteoporosis-erodes anterior bodies of the vertebral bodies- found in older women
anterior shift of pelvis caused by weakening of the anterior muscles- obesity or pregnancy
rotation of vertebrae causes hum on one side
What vertebral level do the vertebral discs start and stop?
Describe parts of the disc and what its made of
C2/C3 and end at L5/S1
Anulus fibrosis- fibrocartilage
nucleus pulposus- gel- water
What are the lateral aspects “wings” on sacrum called?
What are the 3 crests of the sacrum and where located?
What are the two landmarks that go through central of sacrum?
- ALAE (have articular surfaces)
- Median, Intermediate, Lateral sacral crests on POSTERIOR surface of sacrum
- Sacral canal and sacral hiatus
What are the lateral sides of the sacral hiatus called?
Sacral Cornua
What is a caudal epidural? Why performed?
HOW:?
Epidural injection in the sacral hiatus:
1. Hemorrhoid pain
2. chronic back pain
3. If too much lumbar scar tissue
4. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS (to avoid spinal cord)
Palpate 4th spinous process & cornua to isolate hiatus
shallow angle injection
What is the bony feature on the lateral aspect of superior articular facet of lumbar vertebrae called?
Mamillary Processes
What coccyx has transverse processes? What for?
1st only- 3-4 vestigial vertebral bodies
some ap mobility
Muscle attachment
Fracture of parsinterarticularis
Spondylolysis
Spondylolysthesis- if shift occurs
What is the only ligament that resists EXTENSION? How could it be ruptured? What is a main characteristic ?
Anterior longitudinal ligament- WIDE/STRONG
- ruptured by hyperextension from whiplash
What ligament becomes the tectorial membrane at the CranioVertebral (CV) joint? What aspect of the vertebral column does is it supporting?
Posterior longitudinal ligament- supports Posterior aspect of vertebral bodies.
What is deep to the tectorial membrane? What is deep to that?
Cruciate ligament (transverse lig. of atlas PLUS longitudinal bands that run from body of dens to skull)
Alar ligaments extend from dens to foramen magnum
Resists excessive rotation of the head
What is the tectorial membrane? Alar ligament? Cruciate ligament? What are the functions?
- tectorial membrane is posterior longitudinal ligament that covers CV joint
- Alar is transverse ligament of atlas plus longitudinal ligament from dens to skull
- Cruciate ligament is ligaments deep to above and extends from dens to foramen magnum
Resist excessive rotation of the head
What ligament is between the lamina?
Ligamentum flava- Yellow b/c has alot of elastic tissue
Resists flexion
What ligament runs like a cord along the length of the spine on posterior surface of spinous processes? What does it become?
What ligament in between the spinous processes ?
Supraspinous ligament- becomes the nuchal ligament
Interspinous ligament
