G1_Intro_to_ANATG1_EXAM1

Question 1

What is the history of anatomical study?

Answer 1

5-3rd century BC- some dissection/little understanding
2nd century BC- GALEN- Many observations/some errors
8-15 AD- Dissection prohibited- Da Vinci studies anatomy
19th Century AD- dissection accepted for medical education
1832- Anatomy act of 1832, England

Question 2

Who is the father of anatomy? What book did he write? When? What was it of?

Answer 2

Andreas Vesalius
De Humani corporis fabrica 1543
- detailed anatomical study of cadaver dissections

Question 3

What are the anatomical planes?

Answer 3

Sagittal- left and right sides/ lateral split
Coronal-anterior/posterior
Transverse- cross section

Question 4

What makes up the appendicular skeleton? What type of bones? examples of each type?

Answer 4

Appendicular Skeleton- 126 bones

• 30 bones each extremity
• Pectoral Girdles: 2 clavicle, 2 scapulae
• Pelvic Girdles: 2 os coxa

Question 5

Avascular necrosis

Answer 5

bone cell death b/c loss of blood supply

Question 6

3 examples of Fibrous Joints. 3 Examples of cartilaginous ?

Answer 6

1. Skull sutures
2. Periodontal ligament
3. Interosseous membrane
4. Cartilage of growth plate
5. Intervertebral disks
6. pubic symphysis

Question 7

Tendons

Ligaments

Answer 7

Tendons- Muscle to bone

Ligaments- Bone to bone

Question 8

Where do you find Fibrocartilage? 4 examples

Answer 8

intervertebral disks
menisci of knee
hand joints
intercostal fibrocartilage

Question 9

Hilton’s Law

Answer 9

Nerve supplying joint also supplies:
-Motor innervation to muscles moving that joint
and/or
-Sensory innervation of the skin over the joint

Question 10

Where is bursa found?

Answer 10

-Areas of high friction
-joints
tendons crossing joints
-synovial membranes

Question 11

Tendon sheaths

Answer 11

• reduce friction
• outer fibrous membrane
• inner synovial membrane
• layers slide past each other

Question 12

Venae Comitantes

Answer 12

Veins surrounding the artery

Question 13

Anastomosis

Collateral circulation

Answer 13

communications between multiple branches of an artery
- provides detours for blood flow if obstruction

collateral circulation-ensures blood supply distal to the blockage

Question 14

Lymphatic System- Structure- Function? dysfunction?

Answer 14

• Fenestrated unidirectional vessels (not closed loop)
• Drains IF to major veins
• Fat absorption
• Immune system
• EDEMA from blockage/dysfunction