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Anatomy > EXAM3_G21_Lungs_Pleura > Flashcards

EXAM3_G21_Lungs_Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Pleura that adheres to thoracic wall, mediastinum & Diaphragm and four named regions

A

Parietal Pleura

  • Cervical (cupula)
  • Costal parietal pleura
  • Diaphragmatic pleura
  • Mediastinal pleura
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2
Q

Pleura that adheres to lungs

A

Visceral pleura

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3
Q

Injuries to the base of the neck can affect lungs and pleura, why?

A

Cervical pleura extends 2-3 cm above the superior thoracic aperture

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4
Q

What is the edge between costal and mediastinal pleural regions called?

A

L&R STERNAL lines of pleural reflection

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5
Q

What is the edge between costal and diaphragmatic pleural regions called?

A

L&R COSTAL lines of pleural reflection

point that changes direction as it changes from parietal pleura to visceral pleura

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6
Q

what is the area of continuity between parietal and visceral pleura called?

A

Pleural Sleeve

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7
Q

Left sternal line of reflection deviates laterally spanning what ribs? what access does this provide?

A

ribs 4-6 and exposes an anterior access to the mediastinum

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8
Q

In a radiograph where does the costal and diaphragmatic pleura intersect at the midclavicular line? Midaxillary line? paravertebral line?

A

rib 8- midclavicular line
rib 10-midaxillary line
rib 12 paravertebral line

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9
Q

Lungs and serous pleural sac are found in the ?

A

pulmonary cavities

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10
Q

The lungs are engulfed in a balloon called the pleural sac and suspend the lungs within the chest. The space created by the pleural sac is called? and filled with ?

A

Pleural cavity filled with serous fluid for lubrication (

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11
Q

inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleura is called?

A

Pleuritis- sounds like walking on snow

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12
Q

The lungs do not entirely fill the pulmonary cavities which leaves two named spaces which can fill with fluid which are called what?

A

Costomediastinal recess (sternal pleural reflection and cardiac notch)

Costodiaphragmatic recess- (Costal pleural reflection)

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13
Q

2 rib rule of the costodiaphragmatic recess helps you remember the inferior extent of the lungs & Parietal pleura. What rib level does the lung end what level does the pleura end at the midclavicular, midaxillary, and paravertebral lines?

A 
Midclavicular line (Lungs-rib 6, CLPR-rib 8)
Midaxillary line (lungs- rib 8, CLPR rib- 10)
Paravertebral line (lungs- rib 10, CLPR rib 12)
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14
Q

How do you estimate where the lungs end and where the parietal pleura ends in order to safely insert a needle into the pleural cavity to perform a thoracentesis?

A

2 Rib rule of costodiaphragmatic recess
- Use:
Midclavicular line intersects (rib 6 lungs, 8 pleura)
Midaxillary line intersects (rib 8 lung, 10 pleura)
Paravertebral line intersects (rib 10 lung, rib 12 pleura)

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15
Q

Dypsnea (difficulty breathing) is seen in a patient who has excess fluid accumulated in the recess of the pleural cavity. This space is called?

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess-

its’ a potential space

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16
Q

At the midaxillary line where would you insert the needle to perform a thoracentesis?

A

Between ribs 9 and 10 (9th Intercostal Space) because at the midaxillary line the lungs end at rib 8 and the pleura ends at rib 10

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17
Q

Each lung is surrounded by its own independent pleural sac and cavity. The pleural cavity is under negative pressure which keeps the lungs inflated during inspiration. A breach of pleura releases the suction causing elastic recoil of the lung to collapse. This is clinically called?

A

Secondary Atelectasis

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18
Q

Entry of air into the pleural cavity is called ?

A

Pneumothorax (a type of pleural effusion)

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19
Q

Pleural effusion of serous, blood, lymph called respectively? What sign do you look for on the radiograph?

A

Meniscus sign on radiograph:
Serous - Hydrothorax
Blood- Hemothorax
Lymph- Chylothorax

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20
Q

What are the lungs attached to ?

A

Mediastinal structures (heart & trachea) via the root of the lungs

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21
Q

Structure forming the root of the lung enter and exit the lung through the “spot” called the?

A

Hilum

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22
Q

What structure surrounds each root of the lung? what structure forms by the slack inferior to the root of the lungs?

A

Pleural Sleeve

Pulmonary ligament (anchors the lung)

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23
Q

What three major components of the root of the lung?

A

Main Bronchus
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Veins

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24
Q

What are the first structure to identify in the root of the lung? why?

A

left and right main bronchi

(posterior part of the lung) very cartilaginous and easy to identify

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25
Q

just superior to the clavicle the superior border of the lungs extends into the base of the neck. This border of the lungs is called?

A

APEX and is associated with the cervical pleura (cupula)

26
Q

What are the identifying borders of the lungs? (how do you determine what your looking at?)
anterior
posterior
inferior

A

Anterior border is wedge-like
Posterior border is rounded
Inferior border is concave downward

27
Q

What feature is just inferior to the cardiac notch on the left lung? what lobe is it on?

A

Lingula- superior lobe of left lung inferior to cardiac notch

28
Q

Inferior the larynx beginning at C6 and palpable at the jugular notch is what?

A

Trachea

29
Q

Where does the trachea begin and end?

What is the surface landmark for where the trachea ends?

A

begins C6 and ends at T4/T5 IVD

Sternal angle “transverse thoracic plane”

30
Q

What causes the bumpy anterolateral sides of the trachea?

What is the posterior side of the trachea called?

A

C shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Trachealis smooth muscle

31
Q

The keel of a boat . thin ridge of cartilage marking the branching of teh trachea into two main bronchi is called ?

A

Carina

32
Q

Describe the difference between the openings of the left and right main bronchi

A

Right main bronchi is LARGER and more vertical and has higher chance of foreign objects getting in there

33
Q

The right main bronchus splits into what?

The left?

A

Right= Three Lobar (secondary Bronchi)

Left= Two Lobar Bronchi

34
Q

Each lobar bronchus branches into ?

How many left and right?

A

Segmental (tertiary bronchi)
10 Right
10 (or 8) on left

35
Q

Each segmental bronchus supplies a wedge-shaped region called a

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

36
Q

Describe Bronchopulmonary segments

A

Each segment has independent vasculature and is separated by connective tissue

37
Q

Because bronchopulmonary segments have independent vasculature and separated by CT, each segment can be resegmented without interrupting the neighboring segments. This is called?
removing an entire lobe? Entire lung?

A

Segmentectomy
lobectomy
numectomy

38
Q

Segmental bronchus branches into smaller airways. Describe from large to small.

A
  1. Segmental Bronchus->
  2. conducting bronchiole>
  3. Respiratory bronchiole>
  4. Alveolar ducts and sacs>
  5. gas exchange in alveolus
39
Q

What supplies low Oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation?

A

Pulmonary arteries

40
Q

The pulmonary arteries connect to ______ surrounding alveoli where respiration occurs

A

capillary beds

41
Q

What supplies blood to the lung parenchyma?

A

Pulmonary arteries

42
Q

What supplies nutrients and high oxygen blood to root of lungs, stroma of lungs, and visceral pleura?

A

Bronchial arteries

43
Q

The left bronchial artery is derived from ?

A

Thoracic aorta

44
Q

Right bronchial artery is derived from ?

A

Variable origin–

  • posterior intercostal artery or,
  • thoracic aorta or,
  • left bronchial artery
45
Q

What structures are supplied by the bronchial arteries?

A

Oxygenated blood to root of lung, stroma of lung, and visceral pleura

46
Q

What structures are supplied by the pulmonary arteries?

A

lung parenchyma

47
Q

Arteries of thoracic wall supply what?

A

parietal pleura

48
Q

What mainly drains blood from airway walls & stroma near the root of the lung?

A

Bronchial Veins

49
Q

Parietal pleura drains into what veins?

A

veins of the thoracic wall

50
Q

The parietal pleura is supplied by what artery?

A

Arteries of the thoracic wall

51
Q

right bronchial vein drains where?

A

Azygous vein then into SVC

52
Q

The left bronchial vein drains where?

A

Accessory hemiazygous vein then the SVC

53
Q

The remainder of blood in the lungs and visceral pleura drains into the?

A

pulmonary veins

54
Q

What brings oxygenated blood from capillaries to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins

55
Q

What drains deoxygenated blood from the visceral pleura?

A

Pulmonary veins

56
Q

What drains the superficial lymph from the lung parenchyma & visceral pleura ? what does that drain into?

A

Superficial plexus then drains into the Hilar (bronchopulmonary) nodes

57
Q

What lymphatic vessels originate in walls of airway and surrounding stroma and drains lymph from structures that form the root of the lung?

A

Deep plexus

58
Q

Superficial and deep plexus drain into? then describe how they get all the way to the thoracic duct

A

Hilar(bronchopulmonary) nodes>
“corina” Tracheobronchial nodes>
paratracheal nodes>
R lymphatic or thoracic duct

59
Q

What is the general pattern of lymph flow in the lungs?
right lung,
left inferior lobe
Left superior lobe

A

Lymph in right lung> right venous angle
Lymph in left inferior lobe> right venous angle
Lymph in superior lobe > left venous angle

60
Q

Cancer that forms anywhere in the lungs is called?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Anatomy (24 decks)

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