Important FR Flashcards
How many regional parlements were there in France and what could they do?
13 regional parlements
Ratify royal legislation
What was the tithe?
Tax paid to the church of 10% of income
How much of the population did the Second Estate make up and how much land did they own
Less than 1% of the population
Between 1/4 and 1/3 of the land
What was meant by the King ruling ‘by the law’
Upholding Christian morality
Respecting rights and privileges of his subjects
Growth of Salons from 1700 to 1785
1700 - 3 salons
1785 - 80 salons
When was the Seven Years’ War and what was its estimated cost?
1756-63
Around 1.8 billion livres
When was Necker appointed as Director General of Finances and what successful reforms did he introduce
1777
Reduced number of tax farmers from 60 to 40
Removed vingtieme on industry
Revolt of the Nobles and political breakdown
May-August 1788
Provincial parlements flooded royal court with remonstrances
Paris Parlement led cries to end lettres de cachet
Estates-General
5th May 1789
1200 representatives gathered at Versailles
National Assembly
17th June 1789
Third estate refused to meet separately
Voted 490-90 to call themselves ‘National Assembly’
What did the National Assembly claim
To represent the French nation
Have right tom decide taxation
Tennis Court Oath
20th June 1789
Members of National Assembly swore oath
‘To never disband until France had a new constitution’
Why were tensions high in Paris on 11th July 1789
Nearly 30,000 troops in and round Paris
Popular necker dismissed confirmed fears that King was preventing reform
Poor harvest = bread prices highest since 1715
Storming of Bastille
14th July 1789
8000 Sans-Culottes armed themselves with muskets
Descended on Bastille for gunpowder
De Launey murdered
93 killed
The Great Fear
17th July 1789
Rumours of disorder in Paris spread to Countryside
Peasants refused to pay taxes
Armed and destroyed masters records of obligations
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
26th August 1789
Derived from Enlightenment principles
All citizens equal
Conceding these measures went strongly against King’s belief of Divine Right
Religious changes (4 changes)
1789
Pluralism abolished
Annates ended
Tithe and don gratuit abolished
Church property nationalised
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
12th July 1790
Reduced bishoprics from 135 to 85
Clergy paid by state
Bishops and priests to be elected
Administrative reforms
- February 1790
- France divided into 83 departements
- Each departement had an elected council
Champ de Mars massacre
July 1791
6000 people
Lafayette and National Guards sent to ensure order
Guards fired directly on crowds
Killing 50
Decleration of Pillnitz
27th August 1791
Stated that:
* Situation of French King was ‘common interest’ to all nations
* Power of French crown should be restored
* They were ready to use force to restore power
Evidence for noble emigre threat
By 1791 60% of all pre-revolutionary army officers were among noble emigre armies
Journee of 20 June 1792
8000 sans-culottes and some National Guards
Marched to Tuileries palace
Demanding Louis withdraw vetoes and reinstate pro-war ministers
Brunswick Manifesto
Arrived in Paris 1 August 1792
Written by Duke of Brunswick
Warned any National Guardsman captured by the Austrians would be killed
Paris would suffer vengeance if King was harmed
Journee of 10 August 1792
20,000 armed sans-culottes and 2000 federes and National Guards
Marched to Tuileries palace
Many National Guards defected
Palace set on fire and 1000 sans-culottes and federes were killed or wounded
Nearly all Swiss Guard killed
September Massacres
2nd September 1792
Federe and sans-culottes
1500 prisoners murdered in Paris
How many in the convention voted Louis guilty and for death without conditions
693 voted guilty (none against)
361 for death without conditions
How did Louis’ execution demonstrate Jaconbin influence in National Convention
Girondins less inclined to support death penalty
Jacobins wanted Louis executed
Dumouriez defects to Austrians
April 1793
Commander of Army of the North
War of the First Coalition
March 1793
Against Austria, Prussia, Great Britain
French driven out of Austria Netherlands
Attacks mounted on France
The rising in the Vendee
March 1793
Protesting against levy for 300,000 men
Massacre of local officials
Convention sent 100,000 men to destroy the uprising
Committee of General Security (CGS)
Established October 1792
Responsible for policing and administering justice
Reduced from 30 deputies to 12 at beginning of 1793
Revolutionary tribunal
Established March 1793
To try counter-revolutionaries
5 judges
Jurymen from Paris
Committee of Public Safety (CGS)
April 1793
9 men
Responsible for conduct of war and application of revolutionary laws
Fall of Girondins
June 1793
100,000 sans-culottes and National Guards
Assembled around convention
29 Girondin members expelled
Levee en masse
August 1793
CPS
All men between 18-25 to give immediate military service
Women to ‘make tents and service in hospitals’
Law of Suspects
September 1793
Nobles, relatives of emigres and hoarders of goods all defined as suspects
How did the Law of suspects lead to an increase in the numbers brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal
Between March and September 1793 : 260 cases heard
Between September and December 1793 : 500,000 cases heard
What % of executions during the inital phase of Terror were from the nobility and clergy
9% from nobility
7% from clergy
Rising of Germinal
April 1795
10,000 sans-culottes invaded convention
Demanding ‘Bread and constitution of 1793’
Convention placed Paris under martial law
Rising of Prairial
May 1795
20,000 sans-culottes invaded Convention
Demanding better supply of food and constitution of 1793
40,000 soldiers called to dispel crowds
