Henry VII (specific facts)

Question 1

Treaty of Medina del Campo

Answer 1

1489
Spain and England
Agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
The treaty arranged a marriage between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

Question 2

Treaty of Etaples

Answer 2

1492
Peace settlement between England and France
Charles withdrew support for Perkin Warbeck and paid a pension to Henry

Question 3

Trade Embargo with Burgundy

Answer 3

1493

Question 4

Intercursus Magnus

Answer 4

1496
England and Burgundy
End the trade embargo

Question 5

James IV invades England

Answer 5

1496
In support of Warbeck

Question 6

Treaty of Ayton

Answer 6

1497
England and Scotland
Immediate truce after Cornish rebellion
Led to James IV ending support for Warbeck

Question 7

Treaty of Perpetual Peace

Answer 7

1502
England and Scotland
To improve relations, agreed James should marry Henry’s daughter, Margaret

Question 8

Treaty of Windsor

Answer 8

1506
England, Spain and Burgundy
Intercursus Malus
Earl of Suffolk returned to England
Proposed marriage between Henry and Philip’s sister, Margaret

Question 9

Acts of Attainder

Answer 9

1485-87
56 Acts passed
Noble families lost right to inherit land
Could financially ruin families
Were reversible

Question 10

Act against retaining

Answer 10

1487
Only king could grant licenses for retaining
Stop nobles abusing system of retaining

Question 11

Act of resumption (Henry VII)

Answer 11

1486
All crown lands given away since 1455 were recovered
Increased crown land therefore crown revenue

Question 12

Council Learned

Answer 12

• Established in 1495
• To exploit Kings prerogative
• Bray, Empson and Dudley issued bonds and recognizances to nobility

Question 13

Second act against retaining

Answer 13

1504

Question 14

7th Parliament

Answer 14

1504
Granted Henry only £40,000 instead of £90,000

Question 15

How did Henry VII reward the nobility

Answer 15

Patronage: Earl of Oxford became major land owner in East Anglia
37 Knights of Garter created

Question 16

How did Henry VII fine his nobility

Answer 16

Acts of attainder: 56 passed between 1485-87
Bonds and recognizances: 36/62 noble families
Feudal dues: Duchess of Buckingham fined £7000 for marrying without King’s license

Question 17

What is patronage

Answer 17

The giving of positions of power through titles and land

Question 18

What were bonds and recognizances

Answer 18

Written agreements in which people promised to pay a sum of money if they failed to carry out their promise

Question 19

How did Henry VII use parliament to improve finances

Answer 19

Ordinary revenue:
Crown lands: £3000 per year at start of reign, 5x greater by end of reign (£40,000 per year)
Extraordinary revenue:
Parliamentary grants through fifteenth and tenths (usually £30,000)

Question 20

When did Henry use Fifteenth and Tenths

Answer 20

1487, request to pay for battle of Stoke Field
1489, to go to war against French
1496, for defence against Scots and Warbeck

Question 21

How much did Henry VII leave for Henry VIII

Answer 21

£300,000

Question 22

Viscount Lovell and the Stafford’s

Answer 22

1486
Both tried to raise Yorkist support and forces against Henry
Lovell escaped but Stafford was captured and executed
Showed little enthusiasm for Yorkist rising in their traditional heartland

Question 23

Battle of Stoke Field

Answer 23

1487
Lambert Simnel (claiming to be Earl of Warwick) and Earl of Lincoln (leader of Yorkist party)
Margaret of Burgundy supplied 2000 mercenaries
Henry’s 12,000 men defeat 8000 rebel army
Earl of Lincoln killed in battle

Question 24

Yorkshire rebellion

Answer 24

1489
Sparked by resentment over tax granted by parliament
Rebels murdered Earl of Northumberland

Question 25

Cornish rebellion

Answer 25

1497
15,000 rebels marched to Blackheath
Easily suppressed
Led to Treaty of Ayton

Question 26

When was Perkin Warbeck executed

Answer 26

1499

Question 27

What was the cost of living like under Henry VII

Answer 27

Remained at generally the same level that it had been in the Middle Ages

Question 28

Navigation acts

Answer 28

1485 & 1489
By the end of Henry’s reign 50% of exports were still carried on foreign ships

Question 29

Cloth trade

Answer 29

90% of export revenues
60% increase in the volume of cloth exports

Question 30

Example of a noble who was financially ruined after illegally retaining

Answer 30

1506
Lord Burgavenny
Fined £70,000

Question 31

Privy Chamber

Answer 31

• Established in 1495
• To consolidate,control over central government

Question 32

‘Henry VII tightly controlled his government and council’

Answer 32

For:
* Appointed and dismissed ministers e.g promoting John Morton in 1496
Against:
* Betrayal of Sir William Stanley (Lord Chamberlain) in 1495

Question 33

How did Sir William Stanley betray Henry VII

Answer 33

Supported Perkin Warbeck in 1495

Question 34

How did Henry use parliament as a revenue source

Answer 34

• £200,000 granted over entire reign
• Granted tonnage and poundage for life in 1485
  *£400,000 granted in extraordinary revenue between 1485-1509

Question 35

Intercursus Malus

Answer 35

• 1506
• Part of Treaty of Windsor
• Gave much stronger position for English merchants in Netherlands
• Never fully operative

Question 36

Treaty of Redon

Answer 36

• 1489
• Feared that French control of Brittany would increase French threat to England
• Anne of Brittany to pay for a small English army to defend
• Anne surrendered Brittany to Holy Roman Empire

Question 37

Treaty of Redon

Answer 37

• 1489
• Feared that French control of Brittany would increase French threat to England
• Anne of Brittany to pay for a small English army to defend
• Anne surrendered Brittany to Holy Roman Empire