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History > Elizabeth LoA's > Flashcards

Elizabeth LoA's Flashcards

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1
Q

Elizabeth maintained strong authority over her council

A
  • 1571 - Council pushed for execution of MQS - she refused
  • 1563 - Council pressed to name successor and marry - she forbade discussion of succession and marriage
  • 1601 - Executed Essex
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2
Q

Elizabeth maintained strong authority over parliament

A
  • 1576 and 1597 - MP Peter Wentworth sent to tower for raising issue of succession
  • 11/13 sessions asked for subsidy - all granted
  • 1571 - Strickland removed from commons for proposing prayer book reform
  • Refused royal assent to 60 bills
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3
Q

Factional rivalry limited Elizabeth’s authority

A
  • 1567 - Cecil and Leicester disagreed about marriage to Archduke Charles - Elizabeth abandoned it
  • 1578 - Leicester and Cecil disagree over intervention in Netherlands - Delays Elizabeth by 7 years
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4
Q

Elizabeth’s authority declined in the latter part of her reign

A
  • 1599 - Essex sent to Ireland to confront Tyrone - made a truce
  • 1601 - Essex rebellion aiming to destroy Cecil faction and name James VI as successor
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5
Q

Elizabeth prioritised preventing Spanish influence in Netherlands over avoiding war

A
  • 1577 - Sent mercenaries to support rebels against Don John
  • 1585 - Treaty of Nonsuch - 7000 soldiers to support Dutch rebels
  • 1587 - Drake attacked Spanish vessels at Cadiz
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6
Q

Catholic plots and rebellions created significant challenge to Elizabeth

A
  • 1586 - Babington plot - Aimed to replace Liz with MQS - led to execution in 1587
  • 1569 - Northern Rebellion - Aimed to free MQS from tower to force Liz to name successor
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7
Q

Privy Council controlled Elizabeth’s decision making

A
  • 1559 - Intervention in Scotland to support Lords of Congregation - Cecil threatened to resign
  • 1576 - Sent loan of £100,000 to Dutch Estates-General - Leicester pushing for intervention - First direct intervention
  • 1562 - Elizabeth wants to meet MQS - Council disagree and she refrains
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8
Q

Protestant threat was easily dealt with during Elizabeth’s reign

A
  • 1571 - Strickland proposed bill to reform Book of Common Prayer - PC removed him from commons
  • 1566 - 37 London clergymen deprived of posts for rejecting Advertisements
  • 1583 - Whitgift supsended 300 local clergy for refusing Three articles
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9
Q

Elizabeth strengthened England’s power over the regions

A
  • Welsh language disappered as a medium of government
  • 1569 - Act of Attainder used to confiscate rebel lands and abolished title of ‘The O’Neill’
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10
Q

Elizabeth’s lack of control over regions

A
  • 1580 - 6500 men needed to suppress rebellion led by Fitzgerald, in Munster
  • 1599 - Tyrone defeated English army of 4000 - Essex sent with 16,000 to Ireland but made truce
  • 1569 - Some Northern rebellion leaders escaped across border to Scotland
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11
Q

Spanish action in the Netherlands were to blame for the deterioration in Anglo-Spanish relations

A
  • 1577 - Elizabeth demands Phillip to recall Don John of Austria from reconquest of Netherlands - He refused
  • 1579 - Spanish make peace with Union of Arras - Allows Parma to begin reconquest of Northern Netherlands
  • 1576 - Spanish troops murdering rampage in Antwerp
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12
Q

The poor benefitted during Elizabeth’s reign

A
  • 1576 - Act for the relief of the poor - Impotent poor provided with hospitality
  • 1598 - Act for the relief of the poor - ‘Poor rate’ paid for apprenticeships, building of hopsitals, and employment
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13
Q

The poor benefitted little during Elizabeth’s reign

A
  • Cost of living rose by 40% - Average wages rose by 20%
  • 24% national income belonged to 1.2% of families
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14
Q

The economy benefitted from Elizabeth’s reign

A
  • 1563 - Act for Maintenance of the Navy - Raised price limit on exported grain - Expanded food supply at home
  • Trade embargos in 1563 and 1586 - Forced merchants to seek new markets - Emden and Hamburg
  • Hanseatic League lost privileges to transport English exports - 1560’s: trade routes extended to Baltic and West Coast of Africa
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15
Q

While rebellions were dealt with, they demonstrated weaknesses in Elizabeth’s authority

A
  • 1569 - Northern Rebellion - Aimed to free MQS to force Liz to name successor - 700 rebels and Norfolk executed - Leicester involved to attack Cecil
  • 1601 - Essex’s rebellion - Aimed to destroy Cecil faction and name James VI as successor - Essex executed 1601
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16
Q

Policies introduced to address poverty were largely uneffective under Elizabeth

A
  • 14% national income belonged to 1.2% of families
  • 1563 - Statute of Artificers - 7 year apprenticeships made compulsory - Wages rose by 20% - Cost of living rose by 40%
17
Q

Elizabeth faced a serious puritan threat from within parliament

A
  • 1571 - William Strickland proposed bill to reform Book of Common Prayer - PC banned him from Commons
  • 1586-87 - MP’s Cope and Wentworth attempted Presbyterian reform - Reintroducing Turner’s ‘Bill and Book’ to abolish Church Courts - both were imprisoned
18
Q

Elizabeth faced a serious puritan threat from within the Church

A
  • 1566 - Vestment controversy - Archbishop Parker issued Advertisements on clerical dress - 37 London clergymen refused and deprived of posts
  • 1571 - Some clergy refused to subscribe to 39 articles and prayer book - Deprived of posts
  • 2000 Bishops refused Oath of Supremacy due to ‘Supreme Governor’ - 1/4 of total
19
Q

Elizabeth’s foreign policy successes owed much to good fortune

A
  • 1588 - Spanish Armada - Change in wind direction - Prevented Spanish meeting with Parma’s army
  • Death of Armada leader - Marquis of Santa Cruz - Replaced by inexperienced Sidonia
20
Q

Elizabeth’s foreign expeditions were largely unsuccessful

A
  • 1589 - Portugal - Reassert Portugues independance - Overambitious plan and lack of resources
  • 1595 - Failed plundering of West Indies - Never reached target of Panama - Drake and Hawkins both died
  • 1596 - Capture of Cadiz - Shortlived - was looted and vacated - Strategic significance not realised
21
Q

Elizabeth was unsuccessful in handling England’s resources regarding foreign policy

A
  • 1585-98 - War in Netherlands - £2 million - £750,000 alone in aid
  • 1588 - Armada - £161,000
  • 1599-1603 - Ireland - £1 million
22
Q

English actions were to blame for the deterioration in Anglo-Spanish relations

A
  • 1568 - 400,000 florins stolen from Spanish vessel on South coast of England
  • 1572 - Sea Beggars expelled - Landed in Dutch port Brielle - Sparked full-scale rebellion against Spanish
  • 1587 - Drake attacked Spanish vessells at Cadiz
23
Q

Elizabeth’s foreign policy regarding France was a failure

A
  • 1562 - Treaty of Hampton Court - Promised 6000 men and £30,000 loan to Huguenots - Huguenots defeated - Catholics and protestants united against England
  • 1564 - Treaty of Troyes - France paid £120,000 for Calais - Unfavourable due to betrayal by Huguenots - Blow to Elizabeth’s prestige
24
Q

Elizabeth religious reforms

A
  • 1559 - Act of Supremacy - ‘Supreme governor’ - concession to St Paul’s Catholic mysogynistic attitudes
  • 1559 - Royal Injunctions - Suppressed Catholic practices (Pilgrimages) - Parish church’s required to have English Bible
  • 1563 - 39 Articles - Article 17 Predestination - calvinist doctrine
25
Q

Elizabeth foreign policy success

A
  • 1594 - All Spanish forces expelled from Northern Netherlands - Northern Netherlands became independant state
  • 1576 - Pacification of Ghent - Expulsion of all foreign troops from Netherlands - 17 Dutch provinces against Spanish
26
Q

Elizabeth cultural developments

A
  • Book production - 1040 books published in 1550’s
  • 1593 - 1/2 of commons were univeristy graduates
  • Liz funded playwrites

History (33 decks)

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