Edward VI (specific facts) Flashcards
Policy of garrisoning in Scotland
1547
25 garrisons established
Poorly defended garrisons were useless when 10,000 French troops invaded in 1548
Battle of Pinkie
1547
Henry II sent 4000 troops to Scotland
Somerset launched an invasion of Scotland
Decisive English victory
Why did Somerset prioritise the marriage of Edward and MQS
Had been arranged under the Treaty of Greenwich 1543
Would result in political union of Scotland and England
MQS taken to France
Garrisons failed to intervene
Removed most important reason for English presence in Scotland
How much did Somerset spend on garrisoning
£351,000
Treaty of Boulogne
1550
France paid £133,333 for Boulogne
French agreed to remove all their remaining men from Scotland
Significance of Boulogne
Militarily and strategically useless
Humiliating abandonment of Henry VIII’s triumph
Expensive to maintain
Northumberland ends war with Scotland
1550
Treaty of Boulogne agrees England to withdraw all troops
How may royal proclamations were used under Somerset
70
What was a royal proclamation
Royal authority to create a law without consent of Parliament
Vagrancy Act
- 1547
- Able bodied persons who were out of work for 3 days
- Branded with V and sold into slavery for 2 years
- To clamp down on increasing poor and disorder
Enclosure commission established
- 1548
- Proclamations issued enforcing all statutes against enclosure for grazing
Coup against Somerset
- 1549
- 2500 troops for conservatives
- Somerset surrendered and was imprisoned
Motives of coup against Somerset
- He had alienated many councillors due to his high-handed management
- Leading catholic Earl: Arundel and Southampton opposed to religious reforms
Sheep tax
- 1549
- Coupled with purchase tax on cloth
- To reduced problem of enclosures by encouraging use of pasture land
- Repealed in 1550
Kett’s rebellion motives
Rebels opposed to enclosures in pastoral areas
Kett’s rebellion
- 1549
- Led by yeomen farmers
- 16,000 rebels
- 3000 rebels slaughtered
- Robert Kett arrested and hung
- 49 executed
How did the rebellions not pose threat to the Government (Edward)
- No cross-regional cooperation of rebels
- Not directed at government or monarch (no march on London)
- Lack of gentry leadership
How did the Rebellions pose a threat to the government (Edward)
- Gentry failed to intervene in Norfolk, Devon and Cornwall
- 1000 foreign mercenaries were employed - Kett’s
- Somerset had to bring troops back from Scotland against his will
How many foreign mercenaries were employed to deal with Kett’s rebellion
1000
Western rebellion motives
Religious grievances:
- Demanded reintroduction of Catholicism
- Unfamiliarity of new protestant practices
Economic:
- Peasants resented sheep tax
Western rebellion
- 1549
- 3000 killed
- William Body (Government agent) murdered
Chantries Act
- 1547
- Chantries dissolved
- Destroyed the key Catholic practice of connecting with the dead
- Chantires worth £600,000
Act of Six Articles repealed
1547
Royal Injunctions
- 1547
- Removed lights, images, practices associated with Palm Sunday
- Services now conducted in English
- Reflected radical attitudes in governemnt
Images removed from churches
- 1548
- Stained glass and figures removed from churches
Act of Uniformity
- 1549
- Established a form for Church services
- Enforced certain protestant beliefs outlined in Book of Common Prayer
Book of Common Prayer
- 1549
- Written by Cramner
- Included: Transubstantiation and communion of both kinds
- Services in English
- No prayers for dead
Why was the Book of Common Prayer moderate
- Cramner was cautious by temperament
- He was anxious to avoid religious tension
- He outlined what he thought would be poltically accectable
What % of London were protestant by which year
20% by 1547
Northumberlands new Treason Act
- 1552
- Offence to question royal supremacy or any Church faith articles
Second Book of Common Prayer
- 1552
- More radical
- Removed traces of mass
- Reform of communion - wafer replaced by bread
- Altars replaced by Communion tables
Second Act of Uniformity
- 1552
- Replaced first book with second Book of Common Prayer
- Offence for clergy and laity to not attend Church services
How much did Wheat prices increase by under Edward VI
Increased by 10 shillings a quater from 1548-1551
What was inflation by 1550
200%
Poor harvest under Edward VI
1549
Which place were 26 blast furnaces built in
- Weald of Kent
- Making it a major producer of cast iron
What % of cloth trade did London control
90%
What % of overseas trade was controlled by English merchants
70%
What % the tax on sheep
5%
Example of how the Second Book of Common Prayer was highly protestant
Established a Eucharist ceremony in line with Calvin’s belief in ‘spiritual presence’
How did Edward have a difficult inheritance
- Country divided on religious grounds
- Crown finances ruined by wars against France and Scotland
- Debasement of coinage to fund wars increased inflation
How was the Regency Council religiously divided
- Protestants: Cramner and Somerset
- Conservatives: Earl of Southampton
Somerset’s royal authority
- By-passed Privy Council, using ‘new council instead’
- Appointed supporter Stanhope as Chief Gentleman of Privy Chamber
- Used 70 Royal Proclamations
Northumberland’s royal authority
- Purged conservatives Southampton and Arundel
- Appointed his hardman Sir John Gates as Vice-Chamberlain
- Executed Somerset 1552
What evidence is there that people left money to parishes under Edward?
- 1540-46
- Northern wills show 70% of people left money to parishes
