Edward VI (specific facts)

Question 1

Policy of garrisoning in Scotland

Answer 1

1547

25 garrisons established

Poorly defended garrisons were useless when 10,000 French troops invaded in 1548

Question 2

Battle of Pinkie

Answer 2

1547

Henry II sent 4000 troops to Scotland

Somerset launched an invasion of Scotland

Decisive English victory

Question 3

Why did Somerset prioritise the marriage of Edward and MQS

Answer 3

Had been arranged under the Treaty of Greenwich 1543

Would result in political union of Scotland and England

Question 4

MQS taken to France

Answer 4

Garrisons failed to intervene

Removed most important reason for English presence in Scotland

Question 5

How much did Somerset spend on garrisoning

Answer 5

£351,000

Question 6

Treaty of Boulogne

Answer 6

1550

France paid £133,333 for Boulogne

French agreed to remove all their remaining men from Scotland

Question 7

Significance of Boulogne

Answer 7

Militarily and strategically useless

Humiliating abandonment of Henry VIII’s triumph

Expensive to maintain

Question 8

Northumberland ends war with Scotland

Answer 8

1550

Treaty of Boulogne agrees England to withdraw all troops

Question 9

How may royal proclamations were used under Somerset

Answer 9

70

Question 10

What was a royal proclamation

Answer 10

Royal authority to create a law without consent of Parliament

Question 11

Vagrancy Act

Answer 11

• 1547
• Able bodied persons who were out of work for 3 days
• Branded with V and sold into slavery for 2 years
• To clamp down on increasing poor and disorder

Question 12

Enclosure commission established

Answer 12

• 1548
• Proclamations issued enforcing all statutes against enclosure for grazing

Question 13

Coup against Somerset

Answer 13

• 1549
• 2500 troops for conservatives
• Somerset surrendered and was imprisoned

Question 14

Motives of coup against Somerset

Answer 14

• He had alienated many councillors due to his high-handed management
• Leading catholic Earl: Arundel and Southampton opposed to religious reforms

Question 15

Sheep tax

Answer 15

• 1549
• Coupled with purchase tax on cloth
• To reduced problem of enclosures by encouraging use of pasture land
• Repealed in 1550

Question 16

Kett’s rebellion motives

Answer 16

Rebels opposed to enclosures in pastoral areas

Question 17

Kett’s rebellion

Answer 17

• 1549
• Led by yeomen farmers
• 16,000 rebels
• 3000 rebels slaughtered
• Robert Kett arrested and hung
• 49 executed

Question 18

How did the rebellions not pose threat to the Government (Edward)

Answer 18

• No cross-regional cooperation of rebels
• Not directed at government or monarch (no march on London)
• Lack of gentry leadership

Question 19

How did the Rebellions pose a threat to the government (Edward)

Answer 19

• Gentry failed to intervene in Norfolk, Devon and Cornwall
• 1000 foreign mercenaries were employed - Kett’s
• Somerset had to bring troops back from Scotland against his will

Question 20

How many foreign mercenaries were employed to deal with Kett’s rebellion

Answer 20

1000

Question 21

Western rebellion motives

Answer 21

Religious grievances:

• Demanded reintroduction of Catholicism
• Unfamiliarity of new protestant practices

Economic:

• Peasants resented sheep tax

Question 22

Western rebellion

Answer 22

• 1549
• 3000 killed
• William Body (Government agent) murdered

Question 23

Chantries Act

Answer 23

• 1547
• Chantries dissolved
• Destroyed the key Catholic practice of connecting with the dead
• Chantires worth £600,000

Question 24

Act of Six Articles repealed

Answer 24

1547

Question 25

Royal Injunctions

Answer 25

* 1547 * Removed lights, images, practices associated with Palm Sunday * Services now conducted in English * Reflected radical attitudes in governemnt

Question 26

Images removed from churches

Answer 26

* 1548 * Stained glass and figures removed from churches

Question 27

Act of Uniformity

Answer 27

* 1549 * Established a form for Church services * Enforced certain protestant beliefs outlined in Book of Common Prayer

Question 28

Book of Common Prayer

Answer 28

* 1549 * Written by Cramner * Included: Transubstantiation and communion of both kinds * Services in English * No prayers for dead

Question 29

Why was the Book of Common Prayer moderate

Answer 29

* Cramner was cautious by temperament * He was anxious to avoid religious tension * He outlined what he thought would be poltically accectable

Question 30

What **%** of London were protestant by which **year**

Answer 30

20% by 1547

Question 31

Northumberlands new Treason Act

Answer 31

* 1552 * Offence to question royal supremacy or any Church faith articles

Question 32

Second Book of Common Prayer

Answer 32

* 1552 * More radical * Removed traces of mass * Reform of communion - wafer replaced by bread * Altars replaced by Communion tables

Question 33

Second Act of Uniformity

Answer 33

* 1552 * Replaced first book with second Book of Common Prayer * Offence for clergy and laity to not attend Church services

Question 34

How much did Wheat prices increase by under Edward VI

Answer 34

Increased by 10 shillings a quater from 1548-1551

Question 35

What was inflation by 1550

Answer 35

200%

Question 36

Poor harvest under Edward VI

Answer 36

1549

Question 37

Which place were 26 blast furnaces built in

Answer 37

* Weald of Kent * Making it a major producer of cast iron

Question 38

What % of cloth trade did London control

Answer 38

90%

Question 39

What % of overseas trade was controlled by English merchants

Answer 39

70%

Question 40

What % the tax on sheep

Answer 40

5%

Question 41

Example of how the Second Book of Common Prayer was highly protestant

Answer 41

Established a Eucharist ceremony in line with Calvin's belief in **'spiritual presence'**

Question 42

How did Edward have a difficult inheritance

Answer 42

* Country divided on religious grounds * Crown finances ruined by wars against France and Scotland * Debasement of coinage to fund wars increased inflation

Question 43

How was the Regency Council religiously divided

Answer 43

* Protestants: Cramner and Somerset * Conservatives: Earl of Southampton

Question 44

Somerset’s royal authority

Answer 44

* By-passed Privy Council, using ‘new council instead’ * Appointed supporter Stanhope as Chief Gentleman of Privy Chamber * Used 70 Royal Proclamations

Question 45

Northumberland’s royal authority

Answer 45

* Purged conservatives Southampton and Arundel * Appointed his hardman Sir John Gates as Vice-Chamberlain * Executed Somerset 1552

Question 46

What evidence is there that people left money to parishes under Edward?

Answer 46

* 1540-46 * Northern wills show 70% of people left money to parishes