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Important evidence (Tudors) Flashcards

1
Q

Treaty of Medina del Campo

A

1489
Spain and England
Agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
The treaty arranged a marriage between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

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2
Q

Treaty of Etaples

A

1492
Peace settlement between England and France
Charles withdrew support for Perkin Warbeck and paid a pension to Henry

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3
Q

Trade Embargo with Burgundy

A

1493

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4
Q

Intercursus Magnus

A

1496
England and Burgundy
End the trade embargo

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5
Q

Treaty of Ayton

A

1497
England and Scotland
Immediate truce after Cornish rebellion
Led to James IV ending support for Warbeck

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6
Q

Treaty of Windsor

A

1506
England, Spain and Burgundy
Intercursus Malus
Earl of Suffolk returned to England
Proposed marriage between Henry and Philip’s sister, Margaret

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7
Q

Acts of Attainder

A

1485-87
56 Acts passed
Noble families lost right to inherit land
Could financially ruin families
Were reversible

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8
Q

7th Parliament

A

1504
Granted Henry only £40,000 instead of £90,000

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9
Q

How did Henry VII reward the nobility

A

Patronage: Earl of Oxford became major land owner in East Anglia
37 Knights of Garter created

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10
Q

Battle of Stoke Field

A

1487
Lambert Simnel (claiming to be Earl of Warwick) and Earl of Lincoln (leader of Yorkist party)
Margaret of Burgundy supplied 2000 mercenaries
Henry’s 12,000 men defeat 8000 rebel army
Earl of Lincoln killed in battle

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10
Q

Yorkshire rebellion

A

1489
Sparked by resentment over tax granted by parliament
Rebels murdered Earl of Northumberland

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11
Q

Cornish rebellion

A

1497
15,000 rebels marched to Blackheath
Easily suppressed
Led to Treaty of Ayton

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12
Q

Cloth trade (Henry VII)

A

90% of export revenues
60% increase in the volume of cloth exports

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13
Q

Example of a noble who was financially ruined after illegally retaining

A

1506
Lord Burgavenny
Fined £70,000

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14
Q

Renewal of Treaty of Etaples

A

1510
England and France
To seek continuation of peace with France

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15
Q

Battle of Spurs

A

1513
Captured Therouanne and Tournai
Nothing more than a little Skirmish but claimed as a ‘stunning victory

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16
Q

Battle of Flodden

A

1513
James IV killed leaving throne in hands of infant James V
Henry did not capitalise on fragile position of Scottish throne

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17
Q

How were Henry’s military adventures of 1513 unsuccessful

A

Henry was forced to liquidate assets inherited from his father to finance it
Renegotiated French pension was lost
Tournai sold back to France for a price less than the English had paid to repair defences after the initial siege

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18
Q

Treaty of Cambrai

A

1517
HRE and France establish peace
Caused England to be dangerously isolated in Europe

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19
Q

Field of Cloth of Gold

A

1520
Cost Henry £15,000
Extravagant diplomatic encounter
Achieved little diplomatically
Contradicted by Treaty of Bruges

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20
Q

Treaty of Bruges

A

1521
England and HRE
To improve Henrys relations with Pope who wanted reduced French control over Italy
To get a marriage alliance between Emperor and Henry’s daughter, Mary

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21
Q

Outcome of Treaty of Bruges

A

English armies invaded northern France in 1522 and 1523
Charles cancelled the marriage agreement with Mary

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22
Q

Treaty of Amiens

A

1527
England and France
An anti-imperial alliance was made
To strengthen England’s weak position

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23
Q

Battle of Solway Moss

A

1542
Scots heavily defeated
James V died shortly after - leaving 1 week old Mary as heir

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24
How was the success of Solway Moss limited
Neglected opportunity to secure policy through military force
25
Battle of Ancrum Moor
1545 Francis I sent troops to Scotland to reinforce a possible invasion of England English defeated
26
Outcome of Battle of Ancrum Moor
French failed to recapture Boulogne Invasion of Northern England never materialised Peace agreed in 1546
27
How much money did Henry spend on French campaigns from 1509-1525, and then by the end of his reign?
1509-1525: £1.4 million £3.5 million
28
Enclosures Act
1515 188 prosecutions Abandoned in 1523 as a compromise for subsidy
29
Reform of Star Chamber
1516 Designed to challenge corruption and abuse of power of Nobility 1685 cases 10x number under Henry VII
30
Fourth parliament (Henry VIII)
1523 Granted Wolsey £150,000 £800,000 was requested
31
Resistance to amicable grant
1525 Additional tax Wolsey demanded To fund Henry’s war in France 10,000 resisted payment in Essex/Suffolk Abandoned by Henry
32
Eltham Ordinances
1526 Privy chamber cut from 12 to 6 Groom of stool removed Money saved of little significance Wolsey strengthened his position of influence
33
Court of Chancery
Wolsey heard 7526 cases Improved access to justice for the poor
34
Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths
1534 The annates paid by a bishop to the pope now were paid to the king To increase the financial burdens on the clergy
35
Act of Supremacy
1534 Gave legislative force to royal supremacy Made Henry Supreme Head of the Church in England To establish royal supremacy
36
Law in Wales Act
1536 Divided Wales into shire counties Shires had direct representation in the House of Commons To bring Wales under English control
37
Council of North reformed
1537 Responsible for maintenance of law and order Increased power of Henry and North starts to feel power of Crown more directly
38
War against France financial cost vs financial gain
Cost: £3,400,000 Gained: £730,000
39
What were the motives behind the Pilgrimage of Grace
Dissolution of Monasteries: Loss of charitable and educational functions Fear that North would be impoverished by land falling to Southerners
40
Pilgrimage of Grace
1536 10,000 rebels took York Overall 30,000 men including clergy, nobility and commoners Risings in Northumberland and Durham Henry falsely promised to restore monasteries Leading to disperse of rebels
41
Significance of Pilgrimage of Grace
Large number of participation Geographically widespread across North Participation of numerous social classes
42
Act of Ten Articles
1536 Catholic ‘Seven Sacraments’ rejected Left only baptism, Eucharist and penance Clear move towards protestantism
43
Act of Dissolution of Lesser Monastries
1536 Smaller monasteries worth under £200 were closed down
44
The King’s Book
1543 Revised Bishop’s Book Defended transubstantiation and Six Articles Written by Henry himself
45
Act of Six Articles
1539 **Confirmed:** Transubstantiation Private Masses **Banned:** Taking communion in both kinds Radical shift towards Catholicism
46
Chantries dissolution
1547 Allowed for dissolution of chantries Worth £600,000
47
Anne Askew
1545 Burned for denying transubstantiation Evidence of Henry’s commitment to parts of Catholicism
48
What happened to grain prices under Henry VIII
Doubled Between 1510-1530 Increased farming income
49
How did 2 specific towns economically suffer under Henry VIII
1/2 Coventry and 1/3 Yarmouth Recorded as having no personal wealth
50
What % of people lived off land and subsistence farming under Henry VIII
90%
51
Policy of garrisoning in Scotland
1547 25 garrisons established Poorly defended garrisons were useless when 10,000 French troops invaded in 1548
52
Battle of Pinkie
1547 Henry II sent 4000 troops to Scotland Somerset launched an invasion of Scotland Decisive English victory
53
MQS taken to France
1548 Garrisons failed to intervene Removed most important reason for English presence in Scotland
54
How much did Somerset spend on garrisoning
£351,000
55
Treaty of Boulogne
1550 France paid £133,333 for Boulogne French agreed to remove all their remaining men from Scotland
56
Significance of Boulogne
Militarily and strategically useless Humiliating abandonment of Henry VIII’s triumph Expensive to maintain
57
Vagrancy Act
1547 Able bodied persons who were out of work for 3 days Branded with V and sold into slavery for 2 years To clamp down on increasing poor and disorder
58
Enclosure commission established
1548 Proclamations issued enforcing all statutes against enclosure for grazing
59
Coup against Somerset
1549 2500 troops for conservatives Somerset surrendered and was imprisoned
60
Motives of coup against Somerset
He had alienated many councillors due to his high-handed management Leading catholic Earl: Arundel and Southampton opposed to religious reforms
61
Western rebellion motives
* Demanded reintroduction of Catholicism * Unfamiliarity of new protestant practices * Peasants resented sheep tax
62
How many people were killed during the Western rebellion 1549
3000
63
Chantries Act
1547 Led to Chantries dissolved Destroyed the key Catholic practice of connecting with the dead Chantries worth £600,000
64
Royal Injunctions
1547 Attacked features of catholicism: lights, images Services had to be conducted in English Reflected radical attitudes in government
65
Book of Common Prayer
1549 Written by Cramner Included: Transubstantiation and communion of both kinds Services in English No prayers for dead
66
Second Book of Common Prayer
1552 More radical Removed traces of mass Reform of communion - wafer replaced by bread Altars replaced by Communion tables
67
Example of how the Second Book of Common Prayer was highly protestant
Clearly established a Eucharist ceremony in line with Calvin’s belief in ‘spiritual presence’
68
Marriage of Mary & Philip
1554 Phillip had no royal power in England Increased xenophobia
69
English defeat in France (Mary)
1558 2000 English defeated by 27,000 French troops Calais lost
70
Evidence of existence of catholicism
In 1553 Alters rebuilt in Melton Mowbray Mass held in Bishopsgate
71
First statute of repeal
1553 Undid Edwardian reformation Revived mass and belief in transubstantiation
72
Heresy Laws
1554 Defined many as heretics Promised monastic lands would not be restored to Church ownership To root out heretics
73
Second Act of Repeal
1554 Undid all anti-papal legislation since 1529 Therefore undid Henrician reformation
74
Third Act of Repeal
1555 Mary gives up title of Supreme Head of Church of England Revoke royal supremacy
75
Wyatt’s rebellion motives
Xenophobia to Philip Decline of cloth industry in Kent
76
Wyatt’s rebellion
Sir Thomas Wyatt raised 2500 armed men Reached Ludgate, 1/2 a km from Queen 90 rebels executed
77
Insignificance of Wyatt’s rebellion
Little support from common people - political conspiracy among elites
78
Disease during Mary’s reign
Disease epidemic killed 5-25% of population
79
Streamlined Council (Henry VIII)
1536 20/70 councillors conducted daily business of government
80
How many noble families payed bonds and recognizances to Henry
36/62 noble families

History (33 decks)

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