Immunology and Vaccinations QUIZ Flashcards
When handling vaccines
1. preservatives in vaccines prevent contamination of multi-use vials
2. lyophilized vaccines are always reconstituted with saline
3. none of these choices is correct
4. vaccines can be reconstituted up to 3 hours prior to use
- none of these choices is correct
Regarding general guidelines for vaccination
1. vaccines should be started when the animal is 4-weeks-old
2. live vaccines are not given to pregnant animals
3. it is not necessary to do vital signs prior to vaccinations
4. none of these answers is correct
- live vaccines are not given to pregnant animals
Which of the following is not part of the Nonspecific (innate) Immune System?
1. B lymphocytes
2. Granulocytes
3. Monocytes/Macrophages
4. Physical barriers (skin, cillia, mucous)
- B lymphocytes
They produce antibodies and serve as antigen-presenting cells.
Which of the following is not part of the Nonspecific (innate) Immune System?
1. complement
2. cytokines
3. MCH II (Major Histocompatibility Complex II)
4. interferon
- MCH II (Major Histocompatibility Complex II)
Which is a core vaccine for the dog?
1. Bordetella
2. Parvovirus
3. Canine influenza
4. Lyme
- Parvovirus
Which is a core vaccine for the cat?
1. Rabies
2. FIP (feline infectious peritonitis)
3. FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)
4. Leptospirosis
- Rabies
Name two “Pros” (benefits) and two “Cons” (risks) for the use of vaccinations in veterinary medicine.
Pros:
1. can prevent spread of disease among population
2. other issues can be looked into when owner brings patient in for vaccinations
Cons:
1. uncommon allergic reactions
2. uncommon tumors
There are four basic types of vaccines utilized in veterinary medicine. Describe the unique feature of each type.
1. Modified-live virus
2. Killed
3. Adjuvanted
4. Recombinant
- Harmless virus that multiplies in the body.
- Virus is killed and doesn’t multiply in body.
- To stimulate immune response, a substance is added.
- Only the important antigen is in the vaccine.
Define “Titer” and describe the role of titers in determining need for vaccination (or patient protection against disease).
Define:
Describe role:
- Define: amount of antibody in serum of an antigen.
- Test that detects the presence and measures the amount of antibodies within a patient’s blood
- Role: monitors a patient’s protection against a specific disease
FYI: This got 2.5/3 but idk why
Describe amanestic response and its relationship to vaccinations.
- My answer:
It is when a subsequent exposure to an antigen is met with a stronger and faster reaction than the initial response was.
This is our goal with vaccines so if the patient interacts or contacts said disease, the immune response will know what to do! - Or:
Amanestic Response is the rapid and magnified response to an antigen due to Immune Memory of a previous encounter with the antigen. This is the reason vaccinations are given, to induce memory and if the animal subsequentially exposed to natural disease it will have an Amanestic Response and hopefully prevent significant illness.
How is the macrophage the “bridge” between the Nonspecific (innate) and Specific (acquired) immune systems?
Macrophages phagocytize pathogens and disassemble to pathogen parts (nonspecific immune function), then present antigen to lymphocytes to program antibody production or cell-mediated immunity response (specific immune function).
- Less correct answer:
It presents the disease/antigen to the immune system and phagocytosis foreign invaders.
What is the function of the T-lymphocyte?
Hint: Helper T-cells & NK T-cells
- Helper T cells: Secrete cytokines, which stimulate the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells (antibody-producing cells).
- Natural Killer T cells: Activated by various cytokines, bind to and kill viral infected cells and cancer cells.
Less correct:
- Cell mediated immunity that activates cells to fight foreign invaders (triggered by antigen presenting cells)
